The Slippery Slope of Authority Eroded

1 Art. 24.1 reads: `In order to ensure prompt and effective action by the United Nations, its Members confer on the Security Council primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security, and agree that in carrying out its duties under this responsibility the Security Council acts on their behalf.' Article 25 has the following wording: `The Members of the United Nations agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council in accordance with the present Charter.'

2 Joseph Preston Baratta, `The Kellogg Briand Pact and the Outlawry of War', in Richard D. Burns, ed., Encyclopedia of Arms Control and Disarmament (New York: Scribner's Sons, 1993), vol. II, pp. 695-705.

3 John F. Murphy, `Force and Arms', in Oscar Schachter & Christopher C. Joyner, eds), United Nations Legal Order (American Society for International Law and Cambridge: Grotius Publications, 1995), vol. 1, pp. 253-270; Yoram Dinstein, War, Aggression and Self-Defence, 2nd edn. (Cambridge: Grotius Publications, Cambridge University Press, 1994), pp. 182-191.

4 Quoted from Marc Weller, ed., Iraq and Kuwait: The Hostilities and their Aftermath. (Cambridge: Grotius, 1993), pp. 281-283. For a critique see Robert W. Tucker & David C. Hendrickson: The Imperial Temptation. The New World Order and America's Response (New York: Council of Foreign Relations Press, 1992); David Campbell, Politics Without Principle. Sovereignty, Ethics, and the Narratives of the Gulf War (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1994).

5 Elisabeth Sköns, Agnès Courades Allebeck, Evamaria Loose-Weintraub & Petter Stålenheim: `Tables of Military Expenditure', Appendixes 6A.1 and 6A.2, SIPRI Yearbook 1998: Armaments, Disarmament and International Security (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), pp. 214-221.

6 Available from website http://www.naa.be/docu/1998/arge n-e.html

7 John J. Mearsheimer, `Back to the Future: Instability in Europe After the Cold War', International Security, vol. 15, no. 1 (Summer 1990), pp. 5-52.

8 Thucydides: The Peloponnesian War (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1972), p. 402.

9 Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996).