Mediation in the USA,China,Japan,and Korea

1 Sandra V. Horowitz & Susan K. Boardman, `Managing Conflict: Policy and Research Implications', Journal of Social Issues, 1994, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 197-211.

2 Pyong C. Hahm, Korean Jurisprudence, Politics, and Culture (Seoul: Yonsei University Press, 1986).

3 Ki Lee, A New History of Korea (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984).

4 Neil B. McGillicuddy, Gary L. Welton, & Dean G. Pruitt. `Third Party Intervention: A Field Experiment Comparing Three Different Models', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1987, vol. 53, no. 1, pp. 104-112.

5 Harry C. Triandis, `The Psychological Measurements of Cultural Syndromes', American Psychologist, 1996, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 407-415.

6 Jay Mathews & Linda Mathews, One Billion: A China Chronicle (New York: Random House, 1983).

7 Jerome A. Cohen, `Chinese Mediation on the Eve of Modernization', California Law Review, 1966, vol. 54, no. 1, pp. 1201-1226.

8 Zedong, Mao, `On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People', Collection of Laws and Regulations of the People's Republic of China, 1957, pp. 5-6; Philip C.C. Huang, The Peasant Family and Rural Development in the Yang Zi Delta, 1350-1988 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1990).

9 Yang S. Rhee, `A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Korean and American Managerial Styles: An Inventory of Propositions', in B.W. Bell, D.S. Bell & C.B. Lee, eds, Administrative Dynamics and Development: the Korean Experience (Seoul: Kyobo Publishing Co., 1985)

10 Nobuyuki Honna & Bates Hoffer, An English Dictionary of Japanese Ways of Thinking (Tokyo: Yuhikaku, 1989); Margarethe Wiersema & Allan Bird, `Organizational Demography in Japanese Firms: Group Heterogeneity: Individual Dissimilarity, and Top Management Team Turnover', Academy of Management Journal, vol. 36, no. 5, 1993, pp. 996-1025.

11 Ruth Benedict, The Chrysanthemum and the Sword: Patterns of Japanese Culture (New York: Meridian, 1946); Pearl S. Buck, The People of Japan (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1966).

12 David W. Augsburger, Conflict Mediation Across Culture: Pathways and Patterns (Louisville, KY: Westminster/John Knox, 1992).

13 The statistics formally testing the three propositions are as follows. Proposition 1: overall test, Multivariate F(4,913)=10.81, p<.0001; comparisons for `call for empathy', F(1,916)=15.17, p<.0001; `get apology', F(1,916)=16.47, p<.0001; `call for forgiveness', F(1,916)=9.52, p<.002; and `cite dependency', F(1,916)=3.24, p<.07. Proposition 2: overall test, Multivariate F(3,811)=42.71, p<.0001; Comparisons for `criticism', F(1,813)=26.11, p<.0001; `education', F(1,813)=66.72, p<.0001. Proposition 3: overall test, Multivariate F(4,371)=53.41, p<.0001; Comparisons for `meet separately with disputants', F(1,374)=165.88, p<.0001; and `gather information from disputants', F(1,374)=53.49, p<.0001.

14 Paul Krugman, Peddling Prosperity (New York: W.W. Norton, 1994).