Abstract
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
1 Thomas G. Weiss, `Humanitarian Shell Games: Whither UN Reform?', Security Dialogue , vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 9-23, at p. 21.
2.
2 A few OECD countries determine funding by virtue of being the biggest providers. Relief funding fell by almost 10% in 1996 and has been affected by development resources going to Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. (See International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, World Disasters Report, 1997 , Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 65, Fig. 5.2.) No doubt the world of humanitarian NGOs was due for a shake-out after the untidy and sometimes unseemly `scramble for Goma' during the Rwanda genocide. The industry is in fact putting itself in order through drawing up standards and codes of conduct under IFRC leadership.
3.
3 Joanna Macrae, `Rearranging the Deck Chairs? Reforming the UN's Responses to Humanitarian Crises', Relief and Rehabilitation Network Newsletter , Overseas Development Institute, London, No. 9, November 1997, pp. 13-14.
4.
4 John Mackinlay & Randolph Kent, `A New Approach to Complex Emergencies', International Peacekeeping , vol. 4, no. 4, Winter 1997, pp. 31-49.
5.
5 Nicholas J. Wheeler, `Humanitarian Intervention and World Politics', in John Baylis & Steve Smith (eds), The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997), pp. 391-408.
6.
6 Discussions with unattributable sources, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London. See also Jeurgen Dedring, `Humanitarian Coordination', in Jim Whitman & David Pocock (eds), After Rwanda: the Coordination of United Nations Humanitarian Assistance (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1996), pp. 35-50.
7.
7 GA Res. 36/225, 17 December 1981, para. 10.
8.
8 Robert O'Brien, `Complex Multilateralism: the Global Economic Institutions-Global Social Movements Nexus', paper at BISA Conference, University of Leeds, UK, 15-17 December 1997.
9.
9 S. Alex Cunliffe & Michael Pugh, `The Politicization of the UNHCR in the Former Yugoslavia', Journal of Refugee Studies , vol. 10, no. 2, 1997, pp. 134-153.
10.
10 Sophie Albert, `The Return of Refugees to Bosnia and Herzegovina: Peacebuilding with People', International Peacekeeping , vol. 4, no. 3, Autumn 1997, pp. 1-23.
11.
11 The German Interior Minister has also alluded to the possibility of expulsions from Germany. See The Economist , 28 September 1996, p. 62.
12.
12 Guy S. Goodwin-Gill, `United Nations Reform and the Future of Refugee Protection', 4 June 1997, owner-asylum-1@dns.ufsia.ac.be
13.
13 See Weiss, note 10, p. 21.
14.
14 Mark Duffield, `Post-Modern Conflict: Warlords, Post-Adjustment States and Private Protection', Journal of Civil Wars , vol. 1, no. 1, Spring 1998, pp. 65-102.