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References
1.
1 Julius Caesar Parrenas, `Building a Marketplace over Troubled Waters', PacNet , Number 17, 25 May 1995, Pacific Forum CSIS, Honolulu, Hawaii.
2.
2 One of the maps in this atlas is `Western powers using their battleships and guns to force the government of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) to cede territory and pay indemnities, dumping opium and commodities into China.' See Atlas of Shame (in Chinese) (Beijing: Peoples Publishing House, May 1997).
3.
3 People's Daily , Beijing, 27 May 1997.
4.
4 Huang Caihong, `The PLA Navy's Development Strategy', Naval and Merchant Ships , No. 4, 1989, p. 2.
5.
5 Outlook Weekly , Beijing, 21 March 1997.
6.
6 He also emphasizes, `It is too early to conclude that through building up the PLA(N), China is simply and deliberately aiming at the mastery of the South China Sea.' See Geoffrey Till, `China, Its Navy and the South China Sea', RUSI Journal , April 1996, pp. 45-51, at p. 51.
7.
7 Kriangsak Kittichaisaree, The Law of the Sea and Maritime Boundary Delimitation in Southeast Asia , (New York: Oxford University Press, 1987), p. 141.
8.
8 Choon-ho Park, East Asia and the Law of the Sea , (Seoul National University Press, 2nd edition, 1985), p. 178.
9.
9 People's Daily , 22 May 1997.
10.
10 Reuters, Olongapo, 9 July 1997.
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11 As defined by the Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman on 22 May 1997.
12.
12 Interview with the Executive Director of the International Energy Agency, Outlook (Beijing), no. 12, 1997
13.
13 Energy Asia , 31 December 1988.
14.
14 Beijing Review , 8-14 May 1995, p. 22.
15.
15 People's Daily , 16 May 1996.
16.
16 `Chinese Bureaucrats Draw the Line in South China Sea' (based on a paper by J.B. Blanche & J.D. Blanche), Petroleum Economist , July 1995, p. 17.
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17 According to China Daily (21 September 1997), `China Petroleum Engineering Construction Corp has contracted several petroleum and petrochemical projects such as an oil refinery and an oil-collecting station in Kuwait, an oil pipeline in Sudan, and an oilfield in Peru and drilling wells in Mongolia and Thailand.'
18.
18 Geoffrey Till, `China, Its Navy...' p. 49.
19.
19 People's Daily , 2 April 1997.
20.
20 Ibid., 30 June 1997.
21.
21 China Daily , 25 April 1997.
22.
22 Ibid., 9 May 1997.
23.
23 Richard Bernstein & Ross H. Munro, The Coming Conflict with China (New York: Random House, 1997).
24.
24 Ezra F. Vogel, `Must We Make China an Enemy?', PacNet , Number 20, 16 May 1997, Pacific Forum CSIS, Honolulu, Hawaii.
25.
25 China Daily , 5 June 1997.
26.
26 A Special Report of the United States Institute of Peace, The South China Sea Disputes: Prospects for Preventive Diplomacy , August 1996, p. 15.
27.
27 The regulations apply to international organizations, foreign organizations and individuals who would be engaged in research and survey activities on marine environment and marine resources independently or in cooperation with Chinese organizations in sea areas under Chinese jurisdiction; but surveys on marine mineral and fishing resources should abide by China's relevant laws and regulations.