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References
1.
1 For examples of this criticism and these views see Zbigniew Brzezinski, Brent Scowcroft, & Richard Murphy, `Differentiated Containment', Foreign Affairs , vol. 76, no. 3, May/June 1997, pp. 20-30; Graham Fuller & Ian Lesser, `Persian Gulf Myths', Foreign Affairs , vol. 76, no. 3, May/June 1997, pp. 42-52; Gary Sick, `The United States and Iran: Truth and Consequences', Contention , vol. 5, no. 2, Winter 1996, pp. 59-78; and Robert Pelletreau, `Peace Process Impasse and Cracks in Containment: Challenges Facing the United States in the Middle East', Dinner Address to the Seventh Annual International Petroleum Forum, Washington DC, 8 April 1997.
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2 `World Bank Pledges Loan Review in 1997', Middle East Economic Digest , vol. 39, no. 44, 3 November, 1995, p. 14.
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3 On 28 September 1997, TOTAL, Gazprom of Russia, and Petronas of Malaysia signed a USD 2 billion contract with the Iranian government to produce natural gas from the South Pars field.
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4 Jeffrey Smith & Thomas Lippman, `White House Agrees to Bill Authorizing Covert Action in Iran', Washington Post , 22 December 1995, p. A27.
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5 US Department of State, Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 1995 (Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 1996), p. 1152.
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6 Roger Kaplan, ed., Freedom in the World (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1996), p. 271.
7.
7 United States Department of State, Patterns of Global Terrorism (Washington DC: US Government Printing Office, 1997), p. 23.
8.
8 `US Defense Secretary Warns Iran on Use of Chinese Missile in Persian Gulf', Middle East Monitor , vol. 27, no. 6, June 1997, p. 44.
9.
9 International Institute for Strategic Studies, The Military Balance (New York: Oxford University Press, various years).
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10 Elaine Sciolino, `Iran's Problems Raising Doubts of Peril to US', New York Times , 5 July 1994, p. A5.
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11 Steven Greenhouse, `US Seeks to Deny A-Plants to Iran', New York Times , 25 January 1995, p. 1.
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12 The Silver Books were plans for military strikes against weapons of mass destruction facilities in a number of `rogue' nations. See Hans M. Kristensen & Joshua Handler, `The USA and Counter-Proliferation', Security Dialogue , vol. 27, no. 4, December 1996, pp. 387-399, at p. 391.
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13 For example, the annual growth rate of the GNP per capita in Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Qatar for the same decade (1985-95) was -1.9, -2.8, and -4.2 respectively. See The World Bank, World Development Report (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), Table 1, p. 215.
14.
14 `Iran: High Economic Growth Rate Claimed', Middle East Economic Digest , vol. 41, no. 13, 28 March 1997, p. 9.
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15 Last June, the National Iranian Oil Company agreed to spend USD 250 million on upgrading a large refinery in southern China to increase its capacity for processing Iranian crude oil.
16.
16 George Lenczowski, `The Caspian Oil and Gas Basin: A New Source of Wealth?', Middle East Policy , vol. 5, no. 1, January 1997, p. 112.
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17 Lee Hamilton, Brian Atwood, Peter Gubser, Sara Roy, `Symposium: Development Assistance to the Middle East: Critical Perspectives', Middle East Policy , vol. 4, no. 4, October 1996, p. 20.
18.
18 Alison Mitchell, `Clinton Sees Hope in the Election of Moderate as President of Iran', New York Times , 30 May 1997, p. A10.
19.
19 Madeleine Albright, Remarks at National Press Club, Washington DC, 6 August 1997.
20.
20 `Iran's Leader Blames US for Poor Ties', New York Times , 28 May 1997, p. A6.
21.
21 See Pelletreau, `Peace Process Impasse...' note 1 above.
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22 Last July, Washington announced that it would not oppose a proposed USD 1.6 billion gas pipeline from Turkmenistan to Turkey through Iran.