The Fight for Greater NGO Participation in the UN

1 Bertil Dunér, Human Rights Spearheads: NGOs in the UN, Research Report no. 18 (Stockholm: Swedish Institute of International Affairs, 1993), pp. 2 ff.

2 Lester M. Salamon, `The Rise of the Nonprofit Sector', Foreign Affairs, vol. 73, no. 4, July/August 1994, pp. 109-122.

3 Yearbook of International Organizations 1994/1995 (Munich: K. G. Saur), vol. 1, table 1, p. 1624.

4 Harold K. Jacobson, Networks of Interdependence: International Organizations and the Global Political System, 2nd edn (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1984), p. 10.

5 Salamon, note 2, p. 109.

6 Peter J. Spiro, `New Global Communities: Nongovernmental Organizations in International Decision-Making Institutions', Washington Quarterly, Winter 1995, pp. 45-57, at p. 46.

7 Keith D. Suter, `The United Nations and Non-Governmental Organizations', in Frank Barnaby, ed., Building A More Democratic United Nations. Proceedings of CAMDUN-1 (London: Frank Cass, 1991), pp. 12-19, at p. 16.

8 Ibid., p. 19.

9 Boutros Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Development (New York: United Nations, 1995), p. 53.

10 Diane Otto, `Nongovernmental Organizations in the United Nations System: The Emerging Role of International Civil Society', Human Rights Quarterly, vol. 18, 1996, pp. 107-141, at p. 112.

11 `Keynote Address by Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali to the 47th DPI/NGO Conference', Transnational Associations, no. 6, 1995, pp. 345-349, at p. 347.

12 Laurie Wiseberg, `Frivilligorganisationernas roll' [The Role of Volunteer Organizations], in Bertil Dunér, ed., FN och de mänskliga rättigheterna [The UN and Human Rights], (Stockholm: Juridik och Samhälle, 1995), pp. 141-160, at p. 59.

13 Otto, note 10, pp. 112 ff., 129 ff.

14 Our Global Neighborhood: The Report of the Commission on Global Governance (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), pp. 294 ff.

15 Ibid., p. 253.

16 Ibid., p. 254.

17 Ibid.

18 `Keynote Address...', note 11, p. 345.

19 Leslie Paul Thiele, `Making Democracy Safe for the World: Social Movements and Global Politics', Alternatives, vol. 18, 1993, pp. 273-305, at p. 282.

20 Larry Minear, `Making the Humanitarian System Work Better', in Kevin M. Cahill, ed., A Framework for Survival: Health, Human Rights, and Humanitarian Assistance in Conflicts and Disasters (New York: Basic Books/Council of Foreign Relations, 1993), ch. 15, p. 235.

21 Michael H. Posner, `The Establishment of the Rights of Non-governmental Human Rights Groups to Operate', in Louis Henkin & John Lawrence Hargrove, eds, Human Rights: An Agenda for the Next Century, Studies in Transnational Legal Policy no. 26 (Washington, DC: American Society of International Law, 1994), pp. 405-423, at p. 407.

22 Richard A. Falk, `Theoretical Foundations of Human Rights', in Richard Pierre Claude & Burns H. Weston, eds, Human Rights in the World Community: Issues and Action, 2nd edn (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992), pp. 31-41, at p. 40.

23 Jerome J. Shestack, `Sisyphos Endures: The International Human Rights NGO', New York Law School Law Review, vol. 24, part 1, 1978, pp. 89-124, at pp. 98 f.

24 Johan Galtung, `A New Era for Nongovernmental Organizations in the UN?', Transnational Associations, no. 3, 1987, pp. 183-186, at p. 183.

25 CAMDUN-2: United Nations and a New World Order for Peace and Justice. Report of the Second International Conference on a More Democratic United Nations (London & New York: CAMDUN Project, 1992), p. ii.

26 Chadwick F. Alger, NGOs and the UN System: On the Road from Article 71 to We the Peoples', report from Annual Meeting, Academic Council on the United Nations System (ACUNS), New York, 19-21 June 1995, p. 4.

27 Our Global Neighborhood..., note 14, pp. 258 ff.

28 Campaign for a More Democratic United Nations, one-page mimeo, CAMDUN Project, 1995.

29 Shestack, note 23, p. 119 (italics in the original).

30 `Keynote Address...', note 11, pp. 346 ff.

31 Posner, note 21, p. 407.

32 Wiseberg, note 12, pp. 158 f.

33 `Keynote Address...', note 11, p. 345.