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References
1.
1 Due to recent migration into Tatarstan, the Tatar population now numbers more than 50% of the total.
2.
2 The total number of Volga Tatars in the world is now about 7 million.
3.
3 See the Decree of the Supreme Soviet of Tatar Soviet Republic `On the act of the state independence of the Republic of Tatarstan' in: The White Paper on Tatarstan. The way to sovereignty (collection of official documents) 1990-1995. Kazan, 1995, p. 12. (in Russian)
4.
4 For example, at the elections to the State Soviet of Tatarstan in March 1995 in the predominantly Russian-speaking district of Spasskii, a Tatar candidate was elected, while in the Tatar-speaking Agryz district the majority voted for a Russian.
5.
5 See the text of the Treaty and the 12 agreements in: The White Paper on Tatarstan... and in Journal of South Asian and Middle Eastern Studies , vol. 18, no. 1, Fall 1994.
6.
6 Bruce Allyn, `One Enclave's Solution to Ties with Mother Russia', Christian Science Monitor , 12 October 1994; Trudy Rubin, `Yeltsin Must Ease Ethnic Leaders to Negotiate Peace in Chechnya', The Philadelphia Inquirer , 13 January 1995; John Lloyd, `A Delicate Balance', Financial Times, Weekend 25/26 February 1995.
7.
7 Here let me add that I myself took part in the negotiations as a member of Tatarstan delegation.
8.
8 See President's Shaimiev's lecture at Harvard University. The text was published in Izvesia Tatarstana , 14 October 1994 (in Russian).
9.
9 Until October 1993 there was a group of experts of the Council of the Heads of the Republics (of which I was a member) that paid special attention to working out the mechanism of the realization of the Federative Treaty.
10.
10 Negotiations started on 12 August 1991 under the supervision of Gennady Burbulis; he was later replaced by Valery Tishkov, Sergei Shakhrai and, finally, Yury Yarov.
11.
11 In early 1995, Sergei Shakhrai, Russian Vice Prime-Minister, in a memorandum to President Yeltsin wrote that `the practice of conducting internal treaties will complicate the administrative-territorial reform which is so important for Russia and which it would be important to carry out before the 1996 elections'. See Molodezh Tatarstana , 12-18 May 1995 (in Russian).
12.
12 For the text of the message see Panorama-Forum , Kazan, 1995, no. 1, p. 7 (in Russian).
13.
13 See details in Raphael Khakimov, `Russia and Tatarstan: at the Crossroad of History. The Hague initiative' in Molodezh Tatarstana , 1995, no. 12 (in Russian); Bruce Allyn, `The Hague Initiative', Ethnic Conflict Management in the Former Soviet Union: Bulletin (Cambridge, MA: Conflict Management Group, June 1995).