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References
1.
1 Keith Krause categorizes the reasons for participating in the arms trade as wealth, power and war; strategic motivation in arms production is broader. Keith Krause, Arms and the State: Patterns of Military Production and Trade (Cambridge University Press, 1992), p. 2.
2.
2 Aaraon Klieman, Israel's Global Reach (Washington, D.C.: Pergammon-Brassey's International Defense Publishers, 1985); Nicole Ball, `The Growth of Arms Production in the Third World', National Forum , Vol. 66, Fall 1986; Michael Klare, `The Unnoticed Arms Trade: Exports of Conventional Arms-making Technology', International Security , vol. 8, No. 2, Fall 1983, pp. 68-90; Kenneth Timmerman, `Home Grown Arms Industry is By-Product of Changing Alliances', International Herald Tribune , 29 June 1988, p. 12.
3.
3 Ross Munro, `The Awakening of An Asian Power', Time , 3 April 1989, p. 34.
4.
4 Quoted by Krause.
5.
5 See Chapter 6, `Technology Policy for the Defense Sector' in Patrice Franko Jones, The Brazilian Defense Industry , (Boulder CO: Westview Press, 1992).
6.
6 For a discussion of defense spending in Chile see P. Franko, `De Facto Demilitarization: Budget-Driven Downsizing in Latin America', Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs , Vol. 36, No. 1, Spring 1994, pp. 37-74. In 1992 Chile spent USD 672 million on defense, in comparison with Argentina's USD 1427m or Brazil's USD 1643m.
7.
7 Carlos H. Acuña and William Smith make this point in `A Política de `Economia Militar' no Cone Sul: Análise Comparativa da Democracia e da Produção da Armas na Argentina, no Brasil e no Chile', Contexto International , Rio de Janeiro, Vol. 16, No. 1, January/June 1994, pp. 7-52.
8.
8 Interview with Fernando Thauby García, independent analyst and author of `La Industria de Armamentos en los Paises en Desarrollo: Algunos Apectos Significativos Para Su Análisis', Universidad de Chile, Instituto de Ciencia Politica, Centro de Estudios Sociedad y Fuerzas Armadas, Documentos de Estudio, No. 8, March 1991 at FIDAE 92, Santiago, Chile.
9.
9 For the strategic underpinnings of the Brazilian case see Chapter 4, `Historical Development of the Defense Industry's Economic Rationale', in Patrice Franko Jones, The Brazilian Defense Industry.
10.
10 Thauby interview.
11.
11 Interview with Christian Silva, Director of Sales, Metalnor (Defense Products of Cardoen Group) Santiago, Chile, 21 July 1992.
12.
12 Interview with Alejandro Vargas, Commercial Director, ENAER, at FIDAE '92, Santiago, Chile, 13 March 1992.
13.
13 Augusto Varas & Claudio Fuentes, Defensa Nacional, Chile: Modernización y Desarrollo (Santiago, Chile: Libros Flacso, 1994) p. 125.
14.
14 Thauby interview.
15.
15 Augusto Varas & Claudio Fuentes, Defensa Nacional.
16.
16 Thauby interview.
17.
17 Unless otherwise noted, information on FAMAE is from a 20 July 1994 interview with Major Carlos Sepulveda Cataldo, Commercial Director, FAMAE, Santiago, Chile.
18.
18 Augusto Varas & Claudio Fuentes, `La Industria de Bienes de Uso Militar en Chile.'
19.
19 Other sources place this number at 150 units (Sohr, 1990) or 220 units (Varas & Fuentes, 1991) The difference illustrates an important point: data on defense production must be viewed with caution.
20.
20 Interview with Cristian Silva, Commercial Director, Cardoen Industries, Santiago, 21 July 1992.
21.
21 Varas & Fuentes, 1991 and Sohr, 1990, p.100.
22.
22 Varas & Fuentes, 1991.
23.
23 Silva interview.
24.
24 Sohr, 1990, p. 100.
25.
25 Ibid.
26.
26 Thauby interview.
27.
27 Banco de Datos Flacso 1993 Entry No. 2514, from El Mercurio , 13 July 1993.
28.
28 Banco de Datos Flacso 1993 Entry No. 0043, from El Mercurio , 6 January 1993.
29.
29 Banco de Datos Flacso 1993 Entry No. 3829, from El Mercurio , 27 November 1993.
30.
30 Varas and Fuentes, 1994.
31.
31 Banco de Datos Flacso 1994, Entry No. 0607, from La Nacion , 14 April 1994.
32.
32 Banco de Datos Flacso 1993 Entry No. 0927, from El Mercurio , 16 March 1993.
33.
33 Banco de Datos Flacso 1993 Entry No. 1005, from El Mercurio , 27 April 1993; Banco de Datos Flacso 1993 Entry No. 1100, from El Mercurio , 5 May 1993.
34.
34 `Cronología', 26 Septiembre, FASOC (Fuerzas Armadas y Sociedad), Vol. 9, No. 3. July-September 1994, p. 52.
35.
35 `Cronología', FASOC Vol. 9, No 3, p. 43.
36.
36 Vargas interview.
37.
37 Banco de Datos Flacso 1993 Entry No. 1392, from Estrategia 3 June 1993.
38.
38 FBIS-LAT-94-201, 18 October 1994, `Aerospace Cooperation With Russia Urged', p. 51, from El Mercurio , 9 September 1994, p. A2.
39.
39 FBIS-LAT-94-188 28 September 1994, `Air Force to Discuss, Exchange Technology Abroad', p. 39 from Television Nacional de Chile, 1800 GMT 27 September 1994; `Cronologia', 27 September, FASOC (Fuerzas Armadas y Socieded, Vol. 9, No. 3, July-September 1994, p. 52.
40.
40 Flacso Banco de Dados # 0635; La Nación , 17 April 94.
41.
41 Banco de Datos Flacso 1993 Entry No. 3566, from El Mercurio, 06 November July 1993. Announced by head of FIDAE 94.
42.
42 FBIS-LAT-94-072, 14 April 1994, `Air Force Receives Light Transport Planes', p. 39 from El Mercurio , 6 March 1994, p. C7.
43.
43 Vargas interview, Santiago Chile, July 1994.
44.
44 Banco de Datos Flacso 1994, Entry No. 0452, from El Mercurio 31 March 1994; Banco de Datos Flacso 1993 Entry No. 3888, from La Nación 2 December 1993.
45.
45 Richard A. Bitzinger, `The Globalization of the Arms Industry', International Security , Vol. 19, No. 2 (Fall 1994), pp. 174-5 discusses the reasons firms pursue globalization.