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References
1.
1 There is, therefore, a conceptual difference between a traditional and modern peace concept. Both are related to entirely different types of society: the one non-politicized/elitist, the other broadly politicized on a mass basis. As for the modern concept see the contributions in Dieter Senghaas, ed., Den Frieden denken. Si vis pacem, para pacem (Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp 1995).
2.
2 Democratization of parts of the world in the 19th century and after World War I being considered the first wave, democratizing processes after World War II the second wave, while the third wave of democratization started in the 1970s with the fall of the authoritarian regimes in southern Europe and continued in parts of the Third World (especially in Latin America) and eventually in the existing socialist countries in the eastern part of Europe.
3.
3 In a contribution to the volume quoted in note 1, I have labelled and discussed the configuration emerging from the six conditions as `civilizational hexagon', emphasizing the positive feedback processes between the six conditions and also, from comparative-historical perspective, the fact that peace is to be considered more as an emerging property than a holistic entity to be defined monocausally (op.cit.,pp. 198 ff.).
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4 Recent contributions on the issues of globalization and fragmentation are contained in Hans-Henrik Holm and Georg Sørensen, eds., Whose World Order? Uneven Globalization and the End of the Cold War (Boulder, CO, etc: Westview Press 1995).
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5 This phenomenon is really not new, as succinctly demonstrated by the classical analysis published by Karl W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication. An Inquiry into the Foundations of Nationality (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1966, 2nd ed.; original 1953).
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6 Within German peace research there has recently been an intense debate on regression or civilizing, as documented in Wolfgang R. Vogt, ed., Frieden als Zivilisierungsprojekt (Baden-Baden: Nomos 1995).
7.
7 Cf. Dieter Senghaas, Wohin driftet die Welt? Über die Zukunft friedlicher Koexistenz (Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp 1994).