North Korea after Kim Il-Song and the Future of North-South Korean Relations

1 For an analysis of this process, see Kim, Hakjoon, `The Rise of Kim Chong-il: Implications for North Korea's Internal and External policies in the 1980's', Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, vol. 2, no.2 (June 1983), pp. 35-45.

2 For an analysis of Kim Chong-il's ascendency at the 6th party congress, see Kim, Hakjoon, `Current Major Trends in North Korea's Domestic politics, 1983-1984', Journal of Northeast Asian Studies, vol. 3, no. 3 (June 1984), pp. 44-52.

3 `Analysis: Pyongyang's Propaganda of Chuch'e Ideology', Vantage Point, vol. 7, no. 5 (May 1984), p. 9.

4 The Korea Times, 25 April 1994.

5 Lee, Dong-Bok, `Kim Chong-il's North Korea: Its Limitations and Prospects', Korea and World Affairs, Vol. 18, No. 3 (Fall 1994), p. 425.

6 The Korea Times, 25 August, 28, 29, 1994.

7 Lee, Dong-Bok, 1994, p. 426.

8 The Korea Times, 2 November 1994.

9 Kim, Chong-il, `Historical Lesson in Building Socialism and the General Line of Our Party', speech delivered to the senior members of the central committee of the Korean Workers' Party, 3 January 1992, Rodong Sinmun, 5 January 1992 (in Korean).

10 Gavan McCormack, `Kim Country: Hard Times in North Korea', New Left Review, no. 198 (March/April 1993), p. 38.

11 This writer was in charge of the North Korean affairs as Chief Assistant to the South Korean President for Policy Research in 1989-1993. Basic information on this section came from this writer's personal files. See also The North Korea Research Team at the Hyundai Institute for the Economy and Society Research, Seoul, Korea, `The Kim Chong-il Regime and the Prospect of North-South Korean Relations', The Enterprise Economy (August 1994), pp. 5-8 (in Korean). This writer depends heavily upon these papers, which are full of information on the subject. See also Lee, Chong-sok, `Kim, Chong-il: Who is He?', Kim, Chong-il: The Encyclopaedia on North Korea (Seoul: The Dong'a-ilbo Company, 1995), pp. 197-202 (In Korean).

12 The North Korea Research Team, 1994, p. 8.

13 Cited by Nicholas Eberstadt, `North Korea: Reform, Muddling through, or Collapse?', NBR Analysis (Seattle, WA: The National Bureau of Asian Research), vol. 4, no. 3 (September 1993), p. 10.

14 Barry Gill, `North Korea and the Crisis of Socialism', Third World Quarterly, vol. 13, no. 1(1991), p. 125; North Korea News, 25 October, 1 November, 8 November, 15 November, 20 December, 1993.

15 Dong-Bok Lee, `North Korea: Trends and Prospects', a paper prepared for the Northeast Asia and Russian Conference held in Washington DC on 17-18 March 1994 under the sponsorship of the Gaston Sigur Center for East Asian Studies of the George Washington University, pp. 20-23.

16 Interview with Defectors from North Korea (in Korean), Choson ilbo, 1-3 April 1994.

17 William Taylor, `North Korea's Path in the Era of Pax Americana', Shindong'a (Seoul: a monthly periodical), May 1991, p. 235.

18 T. R. Reid, `North Korea Admits Grave Situation', The Washington Post, 9 December, 1993.

19 Natalie Bazhanov, `Russia's Relations with North Korea', paper prepared for the Northeast Asia and Russian Conference held in Washington, DC on 17-18 March 1994 and under the sponsorship of the Gaston Sigur Center for East Asian Studies of the George Washington University, p. 13.

20 T.R. Redi, `Travelers Tell of Food Riots, Uprising in North Korea', The Washington Post, 19 August 1993.

21 Chosonilbo (The Korea Daily), 9 April 1994.

22 For a detailed analysis, this writer depended heavily upon The North Korea Research Team, 1994, pp. 4-5. See also Lee, Chong-sok, 1994, pp. 186-189.

23 Lee, Dong-Bok, op. cit., p. 434.

24 Andrew Mack, `The Nuclear Crisis on the Korean Peninsula,' Asian Survey, vol. 33, no. 4, April 1993, pp. 341 44.

25 Eugene Bazhanov and Natasha Bazhanov, `Russia and Asia in 1992: A Balancing Act', Asian Survey, vol. 33, no. 1(1993), p. 98.

26 This writer's interviews with the North Korean delegates who visited President Roh, Tae woo of South Korea on 12 August 1992. At that time, this writer was President Roh's spokesperson.

27 The North Korea Research Team, 1994, pp. 12-13; See also Nicholas Eberstadt, `North Korea: Reform, Muddling through, or Collapse?', NBR Analysis (Seattle, WA: The National Bureau of Asian Research), Vol. 4 No. 3 (September 1993), pp. 12-16; Rinn-sup Shinn, `North Korea: Policy Determinants, Alternative Outcomes, US Policy Approaches', CRS Report for Congress (Washington DC: Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress, 24 June, 1993), pp. 15-18; Dae-sook Suh, `North Korea: The Present and the Future', Korea Focus (Seoul: Korea Foundation, bimonthly), vol. 1, no. 2 (May 1993), pp. 55-561; Aidan Foster-Carter, Korea's Coming Reunification: Another East Asian Superpower? (London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, April 1992).