Roles for the UN in International Security after the Cold War

1 Secretary-General of the Commonwealth, 1975-1990. Member of the Brandt, Palme, South and Brundtland Commissions.

2 Commission on Global Governance, Our Global Neighbourhood (New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995).

3 ibid.

4 President Clinton, television address, Washington DC, 15 September, 1994.

5 The Hope for Democracy, Laennec Hurbon in New York Review of Books, 3 November, 1994.

6 Commission on Global Governance, Our Global Neighbourhood, Chapter 3, p. 91.

7 Security Council Resolution 776, of 14 September 1992, enlarged UNPROFOR's mandate in order `to faciliate the delivery by relevant UN humanitarian organizations and others of humanitarian assistance to Sarajevo and wherever needed in other parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina.'

8 The Nordic Battalion of UNPROFOR's Macedonia Command deployed in early 1993 but was replaced by a battalion of US troops in September-October 1993, and redeployed, in a different configuration, to Tuzla in central Bosnia.

9 In October 1994 the figure was USD1.6 billion. The cost of peace-keeping for 1993 was estimated at USD3.2 billion.

10 Ogata, Shijuro, Paul Volcker and others, Financing an Effective United Nations: A report of the Independent Advisory Group on UN Financing, a project of the Ford Foundation, 1993.

11 Olof Palme, Introduction, Common Security: A Programme for Disarmament, Report of the Independent Commission on Disarmament and Security Issues.

12 Implementation of the South Pacific Nuclear Free Zone Treaty has been delayed by the objections of the nuclear powers, especially France which has conducted tests in the region.

13 In 1991 dollars and exchange rates. From UNDP, Human Development Report, 1994 (New York: OUP, 1994).

14 This was established in 1993.