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References
1.
1 The journalist William Shawcross is the author of two important books on Cambodia: Sideshow. Kissinger, Nixon and the Destruction of Cambodia (Simon & Schuster, New York, 1979) and The Quality of Mercy (Simon & Schuster, New York, 1984). He made this statement in Phnom Penh, 15 September 1993.
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2 International Herald Tribune , 11 October 1993.
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3 Report on Cambodia by the Secretary-General, 19 February 1992. UN Doc. S/23613, point 53; point 81.
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4 UNTAC Press briefing, 29 July 1993.
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5 FUNCINPEC: French acronym for the Sihanoukist party; KPNLF: Khmer People National Liberation Front (Son Sann's party)
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6 CMAC, Cambodia's Future , Phnom Penh August 1993.
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7 International Committee for Reconstruction of Cambodia, meeting in Paris, 8-9 September 1993.
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8 For a description of Ponleu Khmer activities see Jennar, Cambodian Chronicles (XI) , `When the hardest is done, the hardest still remains to be done', pp. 6-7. (EFERC, Jodoigne, Belgium), 15 October 1993.
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9 Cambodian People's Party: former Communist party which ruled the country between 1979 and 1993.
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10 Statement by Mr Yasushi Akashi, UNTAC Spokesman's office, Phnom Penh, 17 May 1993.
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11 Asia Watch , An Exchange on Human Rights and Peace-keeping in Cambodia, New York, 23 September, 1993. Human Rights Watch , The Lost Agenda. Human Rights and UN Field Operations, New York, 1993.
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12 Jennar, in Le Nouvel Observateur (Paris), 5 April 1993, Cambodian Chronicles (VII) (EFERC, Jodoigne) 17 April 1993; The Guardian (London), 30 April 1993, Cambodian Chronicles (IX) (EFERC, Jodoigne) 27 May 1993; The Nation (Bangkok), 10 June 1993; Cambodian Chronicles (X) (EFERC, Jodoigne) 29 June 1993.
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13 Jennar, Le Monde Diplomatique (Paris) May 1993.
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14 Far Eastern Economic Review 17 December 1992, pp. 26-28; 4 February 1993 pp. 20-23.
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15 UNTAC Strategic Investigation Team reports and Border Control Unit reports, Phnom Penh, September 1993.
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16 Yasushi Akashi, 5 August 1993, published in Bulletin mensuel de Documentation du Secrétariat privé de SAR le Prince Norodom Sihanouk du Cambodge , July-August 1993. The Thai troops involved in the 1 August incident were not troops deployed in Cambodia (see note 18 below)
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17 Five treaties have been signed: 18 February 1979, 7 July 1982, 20 July 1983 (2 treaties), 27 December 1985. Far Eastern Economic Review , 3 September 1992, Le Mékong (monthly newspaper published in French), Phnom Penh, October 1993.
18.
18 There were Thai troops in Cambodia during the UN mission: troops under UNTAC control as part of the UNTAC military component and troops (an engineering battalion) deployed within the framework of a bilateral agreement between the Thai government and the Supreme National Council of Cambodia. The Thai blue helmets were deployed in provinces which had been annexed by Thailand according to the Tokyo Agreement (9 May 1941).
19.
19 J. G. Ruggie, `Wandering in the Void. Charting the UN's New Strategic Role', Foreign Affairs , November/December 1993, pp. 26-31.
20.
20 Jennar, Cambodian Chronicles (III) . `The UN arrives, peace is slow in coming, time is passing' (EFERC, Jodoigne) 11 May 1992.
21.
21 General Sanderson, UNTAC Military Component final report, Phnom Penh, September 1993 (not published).
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22 Statement made by a doctor from a medical NGO who requested anonymity, Phnom Penh, May 1993. This statement was confirmed to the author by UNTAC military component senior officers. See also Far Eastern Economic Review , 22 October 1992, p. 18.
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23 UNRISD, Rebuilding wartorn societies. Workshop on the Social Consequences of the Peace Process in Cambodia, UNRISD, Geneva 27-30 April 1993, Report published in Geneva, September 1993.
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24 6,000 civilian UNTAC officials were paid a per diem of USD 150. Senior officers and UN military observers received USD 120 a day. Average per capita income in Cambodia is USD 200 per year.
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25 Sources: International Committee of the Red Cross and Handicap International.
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26 King Sihanouk has been in Beijing since October 1993, being treated for cancer.
27.
27 Yasushi Akashi, in a speech to the Phnom Penh Foreign Correspondents' Club, 13 September 1993.