Vietnam—ASEAN Cooperation in Southeast Asia

1 Official visits by Vietnam and ASEAN leaders: 25 June-8 July, 1990: Vice Chairman of Vietnam's Council of Ministers Vo Nguyen Giap to Indonesia and Malaysia; 19-21 November, 1990: Indonesian President Suharto to Vietnam; 23 October-1 November, 1991: Chairman of Vietnam's Council of Ministers Vo Van Kiet to Indonesia, Thailand and Singapore (prior to the China visit of General Secretary of Communist Party of Vietnam Do Muoi and Chairman Vo Van Kiet from 5-9 November 1991); 15-17 January, 1992: Thai Prime Minister Anand Panyarachun to Vietnam; 19-23 January, 1992: Chairman Vo Van Kiet to Malaysia; 25 February-1 March 1992: Chairman Vo Van Kiet to the Philippines and Brunei; 19-24 April 1992: Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamed to Vietnam; 23-27 April, 1992: Singapore's Senior minister and former Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew to Vietnam

2 Economy and Trade of Vietnam 1986-1992 (Hanoi: Ministry of Trade and Tourism, 1992) pp. 212, 213.

3 Nhan Dan (People's Daily), 19 October 1992.

4 Duong Quoc Thanh, `Back to the World - Recent Changes in Vietnamese Domestic and Foreign Politics', Bulletin of Peace Proposals, vol. 22, no. 4, 1991, pp. 25-29.

5 Article 14, The 1992 Constitution of Vietnam, Nha xuat ban Su that, 1992 (Suthat Publishing House, 1992).

6 In June 1989, Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad stated: `We must start ready to launch the second phase of regional reconciliation, to achieve our ultimate objective, the creation of a Southeast Asian system of states that are at peace with each other, involved in a dynamic an vigorous relationship of mutual respect and mutually beneficial cooperation.' Mahathir was quoted by Malaysian Foreign Minister Hassan Omar in his key note address for the opening of the Conference on `A New Southeast Asia'. Proceedings of the Conference, Kuala Lumpur, 6-9 January, 1991.

7 Text of the ASEAN Summit Declaration. Asahi Evening News, 29 January, 1992.

8 Nguyen Vu Tung, `ASEAN: Nhung dieu chinh moi trong chinh sach doi ngoai', Thong tin quan he quoc te, Vien quan he Quoc te, Hanoi, Vietnam, so II thang 12/1991, trang 18-22 (`ASEAN: New Adjustment in Foreign Policies', Bulletin of International Relations, vol. 12, 1991, pp. 18-22).

9 Morley James W., Security Interdependence in the Asia-Pacific Region (the USA: East Asian Institute, Columbia University Press, 1990), p. 132.

10 Alagappa Muthia, `Regional Arrangements and International Security in Southeast Asia: Going Beyond ZOPFAN', Contemporary Southeast Asia, vol. 12, 1991, no. 4, pp. 269-305.

11 Stubbs Richard, Sub-regional Security Cooperation in ASEAN, Asian Survey, vol. 42, 1992, no. 5, pp. 397-410.

12 Economy and Trade,... pp. 218-221.

13 After their annual meeting in Manila, ASEAN Foreign Ministers on 22 July 1992 issued an `ASEAN Declaration on the South China Sea' which called on the parties concerned: to exercise restraint and resolve all sovereignty and jurisdictional issues pertaining to South China Sea by peaceful means; to explore the possibility of cooperation there on safety of maritime navigation and communication etc.; to apply the principles of the Bali Treaty as the basis for establishing a code of international conduct of the South China Sea; to subscribe to this declaration.