Economic Crisis - Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union

1 The CMEA was founded in 1949 by Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Czechoslovakia and the USSR. It was later joined by the DDR (1950), Mongolia (1962), Cuba, Vietnam (1972). Albania participated in its work in 1960-1961. The DDR left the CMEA in 1990 due to the reunification of Germany.

2 Strany-chleny SEW v tsifrach (CMEA Member Countries in Figures), (Moscow: CMEA Secretariat, 1990), p. 16.

3 `MVES. Goskomstat. Vneshnie ekonomicheskie svyazi SSSR v 1989 g'(`Foreign Economic Relations of the USSR in 1989'), Financy i statistika (Finances and Statistics) (Moscow: Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations, State Statistical Committee, 1990) p.16.

4 Calculations of this kind are given, for example, in M. Marrese and J. Vanous, `The Content and Controversy of Soviet Trade Relations with Eastern Europe, 1970-1984', in T.C. Brada, E.A. Hewett and T.A. Wolf, eds., Economic Adjustment and Reform in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1988), pp. 202-203.

5 For a most comprehensive discussion of the subject, see: `Reforms in Foreign Economic Relations of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union', ECE Economic Studies, no. 2, (New York: UN, 1991.)

6 For more details, see Leah A. Haus, Globalizing the GATT. The Soviet Union's Successor States, Eastern Europe, and the International Trading System. (Washington DC: The Brookings Institution, 1992.)

7 Economic Survey of Europe in 1989-1990. (New York: Economic Commission for Europe, 1989), pp. 4-23.

8 UN Monthly Bulletin of Statistics, June 1990, pp. 252, 254.

9 Neue Zürcher Zeitung, 21 September 1991.

10 Economic Survey of Europe in 1991-1992 (New York, Economic Commission for Europe 1992), p. 80.

11 Ibid.

12 Ibid., p. 186.

13 Die Presse, 16 May 1992.

14 Financial Times, 3 April 1992.

15 `Ekonomika stran-chlenov SNG v 1991 g. Obzor Goskomstata' (`Economy of CIS Member States in 1991. Survey by the State Statistical Committee'), Economika i zhizn (Economy and Life), no.6, February 1992, pp.14-17.

16 `Vneshnjaja torgovlia v 1991 g.' (`Foreign Trade in 1991') Ekonomika i zhizn (Economy and Life), no. 13, March 1992, pp. 14, 15.

17 Rossiyskaia gazeta, 3 July 1992.

18 `Vneshnjaja torgovlia v 1991 g.' (`Foreign Trade in 1991') Ekonomika i zhizn (Economy and Life), no. 13, March 1992, p. 14.

19 Financial Times, 2 April, 1992.

20 `Vneshnie ekonomicheskie svyazi SSR v 1989 g.' (`Foreign Economic Relations of the USSR in 1989'), op.cit. p.16.