The Plight of the Kurds

See Yapp's M. ‘The Mice Will Play: Kurds, Turks and the Gulf War', in Maull H. Pick O. , eds, The Gulf War (London: Pinter, 1989), pp. 103–118. A Commentary by Kjetil Folkestad of PRIO traces the centrality of Iraq as the main field for Kurdish activism to the 1920s, following the destruction of the Kurdish resistance in Turkey. Moreover, Kurdish militancy in Iraq has been characterized by its continuity ever since Sheikh Mahmood started the 1919 riots

For detailed information on the demography of Lebanon's Kurds, consult the Editorial Report ‘Report on Kurds in Lebanon', Alshira, 30 April 1984, no. 111, pp. 22–85

Pelletiere S. C. , The Kurds: An Unstable Element in the Gulf (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1984), pp. 17–18

Chaliand G. , ‘Introduction', in Chaliand G. , ed., People Without a Country: The Kurds and Kurdistan (London: Zed Books, 1980), pp. 8–18

Beck L. , ‘Revolutionary Iran and its Tribal Peoples', in Asad T. Owen R. , eds, Sociology of ‘Developing Societies': The Middle East (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1983), pp. 115–126

Ghareeb E. , The Kurdish National Movement (Beirut: Al-Nahar Publishing, 1973)

See Turner A. C. , ‘Kurdish Nationalism', in Chelkowski P. J. , ed., Ideology and Power in the Middle East (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1988), pp. 379–410

Bruinessen M. V. , ‘The Kurds in Turkey: Further Restrictions of Basic Rights', International Commission of Jurists Review, December 1990, no. 45, pp. 46–52

Edmonds C. J. , ‘Kurdish Nationalism', Journal of Contemporary History, Vol. 6, 1971, no. l, pp. 87–107

Benjamin C. , ‘The Kurdish Nonstate Nation', in Bertelsen J. S. , ed., Nonstate Nations in International Politics (New York: Praeger, 1977), pp. 69–97. It is argued that the Iraqi government is not fully to blame for the failure to implement the entire plan for autonomy of 1970; the Kurds are implicated as well. See E. Ghareeb, The Kurdish Question in Iraq (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1981)

Soane E. B. , To Mesopotamia and Kurdistan in Disguise (Amsterdam: Amorica Book Co/Apa, 1979), p. 367

Hazen W. E. , ‘Minorities in Revolt: The Kurds of Iran, Syria, and Turkey', in McLaurin R. D. , ed., The Political Role of Minority Groups in the Middle East (New York: Praeger, 1979), pp. 49–75

See Held C. C. , Middle Eastern Patterns: Places, Peoples and Politics (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1989)

Safrastian A. , Kurds and Kurdistan (London: Harvill Press, 1948)

In fact, cross-tabulation shows very strong inverse relationships between pride in Kurdism and treatment of Kurds scales as follow: (r = −.83 for treatment in Lebanon and r = −.91 for treatment prior to migration)

Hazen W. E. , ‘Minorities in Revolt: The Kurds of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey', in McLaurin R. D. , ed., The Political Role of Minority Groups in the Middle East (New York: Praeger, 1979), pp. 49–75

McLaurin R. D. , ‘Minorities and Politics in the Middle East: An Introduction', in McLaurin R. D. , ed., The Political Role of Minority Groups in the Middle East (New York: Praeger, 1979), pp. 49–75

Kutschera C. , ‘Inside Kurdistan', The Middle East, September 1985, no. 131, pp. 10–12

See MacDonald C. G. , ‘The Kurdish Question in the 1980s', in Esman M. J. Rabinovich I. , eds, Ethnicity, Pluralism, and the State in the Middle East (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988), pp. 233–252

Othman S. , ‘Kurdish Nationalism: Instigators and Historical Influences', Armenian Review, Vol. 42, 1989, no. 1, pp. 39–59

Kermiany A. , ‘The Political Options of the Kurdish People in the Nineties', Ala-i Islam, Vol. 5, 1991, no. 3, pp. 7–9

Krikavova A. , ‘A Contribution to the Question of the Formation of the Kurdish Nation', Archiv Orientali, Vol. 47, 1979, no. 3, pp. 145–160

For more information on Kurdish political demands, consult Hamadeh T. , ‘Almutamar Alkurdi fi Paris: Alkararat was Almulabasat', Al-Aalam, October 1989, no. 298, pp. 20–21; I. T. Naamani, ‘The Kurdish Drive for Self-determination', The Middle East Journal, vol. 20, 1966, no. 3, pp. 279–295; S. Zubaida, ‘Report from Paris: The Kurdish Conference', Middle East Report, vol. 20, March–April 1990, pp. 40–41; and S. Zabih, Iran Since the Revolution (London: Croom Helm, 1982)

Editorial Staff, ‘Concluding Communique Issued by the Fourth Conference of the Kurdish Popular Union in Lebanon', Rohilat, February 1982, no. 3, pp. 3–11

Editorial Staff, ‘The West and the Kurdish Question', Ala-i Islam, Vol. 54, 1991, no. 3, pp. 10–12

Bruinessen M. V. , ‘Between Guerilla War and Political Murder: The Workers' Party of Kurdistan', Middle East Report, July–August 1988, no. 153, pp. 40–46

Cross-tabulation showed no significant response-differences among Kurdish, Iraqi or Syrian Kurds concerning the establishment of a Kurdish state

Snider L. W. , ‘Minorities and Political Power in the Middle East', in McLaurin R. D. , Minority Groups in the Middle East (New York: Praeger, 1979), pp. 240–265

See Adam H. Kogila M. , South Africa without Apartheid: Dismantling Racial Domination (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1986); A. Lijphart, Power Sharing in South Africa (Berkeley, CA: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1986); S. Smooha & T. Hanf, ‘The Diverse Modes of Conflict-Regulation in Deeply Divided Societies', International Journal of Comparative Sociology (forthcoming); and S. Smooha, ‘Minority Status in Ethnic Democracy: The Status of the Arab Minority in Israel', Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 13, 1990, no. 3, pp. 389–413