Applying Arms Race Theory to NATO's Nuclear Weapons Deployments A Reply to Matthew Evangelista

See e.g. D. Senghaas , Abschreckung und Frieden. Studien zur Kritik organisierter Friedlosigkeit, Frankfurt (Europ. Verlagsanstalt) 1968; by the same author: Rüstung und Militarismus, Frankfurt/M. (Suhrkamp) 1972.

For an excellent evaluation of the theoretical and empirical shortcomings of the Innen- versus Aussenleitung controversy with regard to U.S. armament policy, see E. Müller, Rüstungspolitik und Rüstungsdynamik: Fall USA, Baden-Baden (Nomos) 1985. For an earlier contribution to that debate see G. Krell: Rüstungsdynamik und Rüstungskontrolle. Die gesellschaftlichen Auseinandersetzungen um SALT in den USA 1969-1975, 2nd ed., Frankfurt/M. (Haag & Herchen) 1978.

The terminology refers to D. Easton, A Systems Analysis of Political Life, New York (J. Wiley) 1965. See also K. W. Deutsch: The Nerves of Government, New York (Free Press) 1966.

It should be noted here that the early works of Dieter Senghaas who initiated the Innenleitung vs. Aussenleitung debate argue in a much more differentiated way than many of his followers did who used the 'autism' theorem.

See e.g. A. Mechtersheimer, Rüstung und Politik in der Bundesrepublik - MRCA Tornado. Geschichte und Funktion des grössten westeuropäischen Rüstungsprogramms, Bad Honnef (Osang) 1977; P. Schlotter: Rüstwzgspolitik in der Burtdesrepublik. Die Beispiele Starfighter und Phantom, Frankfurt/M. (Campus) 1975.

See, for example, T. Risse-Kappen, 'Fahrplan zur Abrüstung'? Zur INF-Politik der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1970-1983, Frankfurt/M. (HSFK-Forschungsbericht) 1985; S. L. Wasserman: The Neutron Bomb Controversy, New York (Praeger) 1983; E. Müller: Rüstungspolitik, note 2; G. Krell: Rüstungsdynamik, note 2.

See among others, G. Krell/H. J. Schmidt, Der Rüstungswettlauf in Europa, Frankfurt/M. (Campus) 1982; C. S. Gray: The Soviet-American Arms Race, Westmead et.al. (Saxon House & Lexington) 1976.

On the level of analysis problem see the classical study of D. S. Singer, 'The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International Relations', in: K. Knorr/S. Verba (Eds.) The International System, Princeton (Princeton Univ. Pr.) 1961, pp. 77-92.

See for this terminology G. Krell/H. J. Schmidt, Der Rüstungswettlauf, note 10, pp. 157-159.

See e.g. H. J. Schmidt, 'Der konventionelle Rüstungswettlauf in Europa,' in: G. Krell/H. J. Schmidt, note 7, pp. 87-154; H. J. Schmidt/E. Forndran (Eds.): Konventionelle Waffen im Ost-West-Vergleich, Baden-Baden (Nomos) 1986, forthcoming.

See D.N. Schwartz, NATO's Nuclear Dilemmas, Washington (Brookings) 1983, pp. 123-135.

See J. M. Legge, Theater Nuclear Weapons and the NATO strategy of Flexible Response, Santa Monica (Rand Corp.) 1983; S. L. Wasserman: Neutron Bomb Controversy, note 6, pp. 9-18, 30-31.

For details see T. Risse-Kappen, 'Fahrplan', note 6.

See J. M. Legge, Theater Nuclear Weapons, note 12; J. A. Thomson: 'The LRTNF decision: evolution of US theatre nuclear policy 1975-9', International Affaris, Vol. 40, No. 4, 1984, pp. 601-614.

For details see S. L. Wasserman, Neutron Bomb Controversy, note 6.

For a similar account see M. Thee, Military Technology, Military Strategy, and the Arms Race, London-Sidney (Croom Helm) 1986.