For more details about the political background, organizational structure, etc., see H. Tromp: 'The Dutch Research Project on Civilian Defense, 1974-1978', Bulletin of Peace Proposals, 1978, Vol. 9, nr. 4.
2.
Unfortunately, only available in the Dutch language. Its title: He onderzoek naar geweldloze conflictoplossing en sociale verdediging, deel II: een uitgewerkt onderzoeksprogramma , Den Haag, Staatsuitgeverij, 1982, ISBN 90 12 03821 9.
3.
4.
This is a very unscientific way of expression. In fact, these 'reasons' are the crux of the matter: one has to explore carefully the social conditions of prolonged duration of 'utopian' social systems.
5.
Much depends on the definition of 'success'. In fact, the success of civilian defense activities cannot be compared with that of traditional (e.g. military) defense, because of the entirely different standards used in both systems. Thus, an objective criterion does not exist.
6.
Only available in Dutch, K. Koch: Sociale verdediging, een kritische literatuurbeschouwing ('Social Defense, a critical appraisal of literature'), Den Haag, Staatsuigeverij, 1982, ISBN 90 19 03946 0.
7.
Gusaaf Geeraerts: Ideologische stromingen binnen het denken over sociale verdediging, Brussels , Free University (VUB), 1976 .
8.
See in particular, Liddell Hart's famous study: 'Lessons from Resistance Movements - Guerrilla and Non-violent', in: A. Roberts (ed.): The Strategy of Civilian Defence, London, Faber & Faber, first print 1967.
9.
This type of information in particular is the hub of Adam Roberts' reports to the Swedish Government.
10.
Cf. William Eckard, Compassion: Toward a Science of Value, Oakville, Ontario (Canada): Canadian Peace Research Institute , 1972.
11.
Cf. L. Kohlberg, 'Stage and Sequence: The Cognitive Development Approach to Socialization' , in D. A. Goslin (Ed.): Nandbook of Socialization, Theory and Research, New York: Rand McNally, 1969, pp. 347-479.
12.
See in particular Tryggve Hedtjärn et al.: Verteidigung ohne KriegWuppertal: Hammer Verlag, 1974, p. 145ff.
13.
It might make sense to remember Max Weber's dictum: 'Die mittlere Linie ist um kein Haarbreit mehr wissenschaftliche Wahrheit als die extremsten Partei-ideale von Rechts oder Links' (the middle course is not a jot more scientific truth than the most extreme slogans of either the right or the left).
14.
In fact, both curves of Fig. 2 relate to the interrelationship between the instrumental and consciousness aspects of the transarmament process. During the 'horizontal period' political mobilization takes place permitting a higher stage (instrumental + consciousness) to be reached, and so on.
