The Arms Race,Armaments Dynamics,Military Research and Development,and Disarmament

Cf. World Armaments and Disarmament, SIPRI Yearbook 1977, Stockholm: SIPRI, 1977.

Cf. John F. Lambelet : 'Do Arms Races Lead to War?', Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1975.

See Marek Thee : 'Militarism and Militarization in Contemporary International Relations', Bulletin of Peace Proposals, Vol. 8, No. 4, 1977.

See SIPRI Yearbook 1976, Stockholm: SIPRI, 1976, pp. 16-20.

Cf. Barry M. Blechman and Stephen S. Kaplan (ed.): The Use of the Armed Forces as a Political Instrument, Washington, DC: Brookings Inst., 1976.

See Sverre Lodgaard : 'The Increase in International Nuclear Transactions', SIPRI Yearbook 1977, op.cit., pp. 29-51.

Cf. Bernard T. Feld : 'The Consequences of Nuclear War', The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, June 1976, and Carl von Weizsäcker : 'The Avoidance of Atomic War', World Issues, December 1976.

A detailed table of armament determinant models is found in R. Curnow, M. Kaldor, M. McLean, J. Robinson, P. Shepherd: 'General and Complete Disarmament. A. System Analysis Approach', Futures, Vol. 8, No. 5, October 1976.

Cf. Klaus Jürgen Gantzel : 'Armaments Dynamics in the East-West Conflict: an Arms Race?', The Papers of the Peace Science Society (International), Vol. 20, 1973.

Cf. Anatol Rapport : 'Richardson, Lewis Fry', International Social Science Encyclopedia, Vol. 13.

Cf. George W. Rathjens : 'The Dynamics of the Arms Race', Scientific American, April 1969.

Cf. Marek Thee : 'The Indochina Wars: Great Power Involvement - Escalation and Disengagement', Journal of Peace Research , Vol. 13, No. 2, 1976.

See Dieter Senghaas : 'Towards an Analysis of the Threat Policy in International Relations', German Political Studies, London: Sage Publ., 1974.

Cf. 'The Perniciousness of the Policy of Nuclear Deterrence', 25th Pugwash Symposium, Kyoto, Pugwash Newsletter, Vol. 13, No. 2, October 1975.

Cf. J. David Singer : 'Threat-Perception and the Armament-Tension Dilemma', Journal of Conflict Resolution, Vol. 2, No. 1, 1958.

Cf. Zbigniew Brzezinski in an interview with Jonathan Power, International Herald Tribune, 10 October, 1977.

Long-Term Worldwide Effects of Multiple Nuclear-Weapons Detonations, Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences, 1975.

Worldwide Effects of Nuclear War ... Some Perspectives, A Report by the US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, Washington, DC, 1975.

Cf. Declaration by the Pugwash Council at the conclusion of the 27th Pugwash Conference, Pugwash Newsletter, Vol. 15, No. 1-2, October 1977.

Cf. Randall Forsberg : Resources Devoted to Military Research and Development, Stockholm: SIPRI , 1972.

Cf. Ruth Leger Sivarts : World Military and Social Expenditures 1977, Leesburg, Virginia: WMSE Publications, 1977.

Eugene Kozicharow : 'Real Growth Emphasized in US Research Funding' , Aviation Week - Space Technology, 13 February, 1978.

SIPRI Yearbook 1977, p. 3.

Writing in 1975, Harvey Brooks considered research in high power lasers as aiming at 'possible exotic ballistic missile defenses', 'The Military Innovation System and the Qualitative Arms Race', Daedalus, Summer 1975; see also Paul J. Nahin: 'The Laser BDM and Other Radiant Energy Weapons: Some Thoughts', IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, Vol. AES-13, No. 2, March 1977.

E. Kozicharow, op. cit.

Aviation Week & Space Technology, 30 January, 1978.

Cf. Samuel H. Day : 'The Nuclear Weapon Labs', The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, April 1977; Robert F. Coulam : 'Inter-Service Weapon Rivalry', The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, June 1977; Judith V. Reppy : The Independent Research and Development Program of the Department of Defense, Peace Study Program, Cornell University, Occasional Paper N. 6, March 1976; Robert Lindsey : 'Domestic Arms Race Pits Livemore vs. Los Alamos', The New York Times, July 31, 1977; excerpts of these in BPP vol. 9, No. 1, 1978.

See Harold Brown : 'Background for the B1 Bomber Decision' , Bulletin of Peace Proposals, Vol. 8, No. 4, 1977, p. 350.

Cf. Seymour Melman : 'Twelve Propositions on Productivity and War Economy', Armed Forces and Society, Vol. 1, No. 4, August 1975 .

Kosta Tsipis : 'The building blocks of weapon development ', The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, April 1977.

Herbert York : The Origins of MIRV, Stockholm : SIPRI Research Report No. 9, 1973, p. 23.

Cf. Herbert F. York & G. Allen Greb : 'Strategic Reconnaissance ', The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, April 1977.

Cf. G.W. Rathjens , A. Chaynes , J.P. Ruina : Nuclear Arms Control Agreements: Process and Impact, Washington, DC : Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1974; also Jane M. O. Sharp : 'MBFR as Arms Control', Arms Control Today, April 1976.

Harvey Brooks, op. cit. (note 24), p. 75.

Dwight D. Eisenhower : Waging Peace, The White House Years 1956-1961, A Personal Account, New York: Doubleday , 1965, p. 616.

George B. Kistiakowsky : A Scientist at the White House, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976, p. 425.

Dwight D. Eisenhower, op. cit., p. 615.

Cf. Vernon V. Aspaturian et al.: 'The military-industrial complex: USRR/USA', special issue of the Journal of International Affairs , Vol. 26, No. 1, 1972; David Holloway : 'Technology and Political Decision in Soviet Armaments Policy', Journal of Peace Research , Vol. 11, No. 4, 1974; David Holloway : 'Soviet Military R&D: Managing the 'Research-Production Cycle',' in R. Thomas and U. K. Vancienne (ed.): Soviet Science and Technology, Washington, DC: National Science Foundation, George Washington University , 1977; Egbert Jahn : 'The Role of the Armaments Complex in the Soviet Union', Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 12, No. 3, 1975.

The Soviet Defence Industry consists of: Ministry of Defence Industry (conventional weapons), Ministry of Aviation Industry (aircraft and aircraft parts), Ministry of Ship-building Industry (ships), Ministry of Electronics Industry and Ministry of Radio Industry (Electronic components and equipment), Ministry of Medium Machine Building (nuclear weapons), Ministry of General Machine Building (strategic missiles), and Ministry of Machine Building (ammunition) - from David Holloway: 'Soviet Military R&D', op. cit. p. 229.

Cf. Marek Thee: 'Speaking to Policy-Makers', Bulletin of Peace Proposals , Vol. 7, No. 2, 1976, pp. 161-162.

Cf. Herbert York : 'The Ultimate Absurdity', Bulletin of Peace Proposals, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1976, pp. 61-63.

Cf. Marek Thee : 'The Scientist's Role in Society', Bulletin of Peace Proposals, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1972, pp. 367-370; Nils Petter Gleditsch : 'Six Arguments Against Research for the Military', Bulletin of Peace Proposals, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1975, pp. 172-175.

Cf. Chapter 'Science and Society', Bulletin of Peace Proposals, Vol. 3, No. 4, 1972, pp. 339-355.

Cf. Statement by the Disarmament Study Group of the International Peace Research Association, March 1978, Bulletin of Peace Proposals, current issue.

Cf. Marek Thee : 'Arms Control: The Retreat from Disarmament' , Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 14, No. 2, 1977.

Documents on Disarmament 1961, Washington, DC: US Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, 1962, p. 441.

Cf. Table of surveillance/verification possibilities in Owen Wilkes: 'Military Research and Development: Problems of Control', Bulletin of Peace Proposals, Vol. 9, No. 1, 1978, pp. 8-9.