The aim of the colloquium in this issue of Security Dialogue was to both summarize and advance the rich but scattered literature on human security. The result is a microcosm of the ten-year academic debate, told through the condensed perspectives of many of the people who shaped it. This article first summarizes the 21 thoughtful and innovative commentaries, and identifies three principle themes: the theoretical broad-versus-narrow debate, human security’s practical utility, and the fundamental critique and defense of the concept. Then, it is proposed that a threshold-based conceptualization, one rooted in the original UNDP definition, offers a conciliatory way forward to what is often characterized as a fractured debate. It is suggested that limiting threat inclusion by severity, rather than by cause, bridges the divide between the broad and narrow proponents, addresses the many critiques of the concept, and provides a clear policy agenda operating on various scales.
Acharya, Amitav , 2001. ‘Human Security: East Versus West’ , International Journal56(3): 442-460 .
2.
Alkire, Sabina , 2001. ‘A Conceptual Framework for Human Security’, CRISE Working Paper 2. Oxford: CRISE .
3.
Alkire, Sabina , 2003. ‘Concepts of Human Security’, in Lincoln C. Chen , Sakiko Fukuda-Parr & Ellen Seidensticker , eds, Human Security in a Global World. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press (15-40).
4.
Axworthy, Lloyd , 1997. ‘Canada and Human Security: The Need for Leadership’ , International Journal52(2): 183-196 .
5.
Axworthy, Lloyd , 2001a. ‘Human Security and Global Governance: Putting People First’ , Global Governance7(1): 19-23 .
6.
Axworthy, Lloyd , 2001b. Comments to UBC Human Security Graduate Course, Liu Institute for Global Issues, Vancouver, BC , November.
7.
Bajpai, Kanti , 2000. ‘Human Security: Concept and Measurement’, Kroc Institute Occasional Paper 19. Notre Dame, IN: Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies .
8.
Buzan, Barry , 2002. ‘Human Security in International Perspective’ , presentation at the 14th Asia-Pacific Roundtable, Kuala Lumpur.
9.
Commission on Human Security , 2002. Human Security - Now, final report of the Commission on Human Security; available at http://www.humansecurity-chs.org/finalreport/.
10.
Evans, Paul , forthcoming. ‘Human Security and East Asia: In the Beginning’ , Journal of East Asian Studies.
11.
Grayson, Kyle , 2001. ‘Re-evaluating Public Goods: Human Security in the Global Era’, Robarts Working Papers; available at http://www.robarts.yorku.ca/pdf/kylefin.pdf.
12.
Hampson, Osler & J. Hay , 2002. ‘Human Security: A Review of Scholarly Literature’ , paper presented to the annual meeting of the Canadian Consortium on Human Security, Ottawa, April.
13.
International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) , 2002. The Responsibility to Protect: Report from the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty; available at http://www.dfait-maeci.gc.ca/iciss-ciise/report-en.asp.
14.
Krause Keith , 1998. ‘Critical Theory and Security Studies: The Research Programme of “Critical Security Studies”’ , Cooperation and Conflict: Nordic Journal of International Studies33(3): 298-333 .
15.
Krause, Keith , 2000. ‘Une Approche Critique de la Securité Humaine’, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva .
16.
Leaning, Jennifer & Sam Arie , 2000. ‘Human Security: A Framework for Assessment In Conflict and Transition’, working paper. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies .
17.
Liotta, P. H. , 2002. ‘Boomerang Effect: The Convergence of National and Human Security’ , Security Dialogue33(4): 473-488 .
18.
MacFarlane, Neil & Yuen Foong-Khong , forthcoming. ‘Human Security and the UN: A Critical History’. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press .
19.
Mack, Andrew , 2002. ‘A Report on the Feasibility of Creating an Annual Human Security Report’, Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research, Harvard University .
20.
Mack, Andrew , forthcoming 2004. Human Security Report. Oxford: Human Security Center, Liu Institute for Global Issues .
21.
McRae, Robert Grant & Don Hubert , 2001. Human Security and the New Diplomacy: Protecting People, Promoting Peace. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press .
22.
Newman, Edward & Oliver P. Richmond , 2001. The United Nations and Human Security. London: Palgrave Macmillan .
23.
Owen, Taylor , 2003. ‘Measuring Human Security: Overcoming the Paradox’ , Human Security Bulletin2(3); available at http://www.prio.no/publications/archive/2003/to002.pdf.
24.
Owen, Taylor , 2004. ‘Are We Really Secure? Challenges and Opportunities for Defining and Measuring Human Security’ , Disarmament Forum2004(3).
25.
Owen, Taylor & Olav Slaymaker , forthcoming. ‘Measuring Human Security: A GIS Approach’ , AMBIO: The Journal of The Human Environment.
26.
Paris, Roland , 2001. ‘Human Security: Paradigm Shift or Hot Air?’ , International Security26(2): 87-102 .
27.
Sen, Amartya K. , 1990. ‘Development as Capability Expansion’, in Keith Griffin & John Knight , eds, Human Development and the International Development Strategy for the 1990s. London: Macmillan .
28.
Sen, Amartya Kumar , 1992. Inequality Reexamined. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press .
29.
Suhrke, Astrid , 1999. ‘Human Security and the Interests of States’ , Security Dialogue30(3): 265-276 .
30.
Thakur, Ramesh Chandra;Edward Newman & United Nations University , 2000. New Millennium, New Perspectives: The United Nations, Security, and Governance. Tokyo & New York: United Nations University Press .
31.
Thomas, Caroline , 2000. Global Governance, Development and Human Security: The Challenge of Poverty and Inequality. London: Pluto .
32.
Thomas, Caroline & Peter Wilkin , 1999. Globalization, Human Security, and the African Experience. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner .
33.
Thomas, Nicholas & William T. Tow , 2002. ‘The Utility of Human Security: Sovereignty and Humanitarian Intervention’ , Security Dialogue33(2): 177-192 .
34.
Tow, William T. ; Ramesh Chandra Thakur & In-Taek Hyun , 2000. Asia’s Emerging Regional Order: Reconciling Traditional and Human Security. Tokyo & New York: United Nations University Press .
35.
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) , 1994. Human Development Report: Annual Report. New York: UNDP .
36.
Uvin, Peter , 2001. ‘Difficult Choices in the New Post-Conflict Agenda: The International Community in Rwanda After the Genocide’ , Third World Quarterly22(2): 177-189 .
