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References
1.
1 Jean-Claude Favez, The Red Cross and the Holocaust (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), p. 237; Caroline Moorehead, Dunant's Dream: War, Switzerland and the History of the Red Cross (London: HarperCollins, 1988), p. 443.
2.
2 Hugo Slim, `Military Intervention To Protect Human Rights: The Humanitarian Agency Perspective', background paper for meeting on intervention and human rights, International Council for Human Rights Policy, Geneva, March 2001.
3.
3 Hugo Slim, `Fidelity and Variation: Discerning the Development and Evolution of the Humanitarian Idea', Fletcher Forum for World Affairs , vol. 24, no. 1, Spring 2000, pp. 5-22; Geoffrey Best, War and Law Since 1945 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994), and Humanity in Warfare (London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 1989).
4.
4 There have, of course, been important exceptions to this rule - most notably the Quakers, who were foremost among humanitarians in the world wars of the first part of the 20th century, winning the Nobel Peace Prize for their work in 1947.
5.
5 Michael Walzer, Just and Unjust Wars: A Moral Argument with Historical Illustrations , 2nd edn (New York: Basic Books, 1992), p. 21.
6.
6 I am grateful to Henrik Syse of PRIO for this phrase.
7.
7 R. J. Rummel, Death By Government (New Brunswick & London: Transaction, 1994).
8.
8 Norman Geras, The Contract of Mutual Indifference: Political Philosophy after the Holocaust (London & New York: Verso, 1999).
9.
9 John Hutchinson, Champions of Charity: War and the Rise of the Red Cross (Boulder, CO: Westview, 1996), p. 350.
10.
10 Favez (note 1 above); Moorehead (note 1 above).
11.
11 Maggie Black, A Cause for Our Times: Oxfam - the First 50 Years (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992), p. 121.
12.
12 Alex de Waal, Famine Crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa (Oxford: James Currey, 1997), ch. 6.
13.
13 Article 23, Geneva Convention IV, International Committee of the Red Cross, Geneva, 1949.
14.
14 Hugo Slim, Doing the Right Thing: Relief Agencies, Moral Dilemmas and Moral Responsibility in War and Political Violence (Uppsala: Nordic African Institute, 1997).
15.
15 Moorehead (note 1 above), p. 468.
16.
16 Mark Cutts, Politics and Humanitarianism , UNHCR Discussion Paper (Geneva: UNHCR, 1998).
17.
17 Best, 1994 (note 3 above), pp. 237-238.
18.
18 B. S. Chimini, Globalisation, Humanitarianism and the Erosion of Refugee Protection , RSC Working Paper no. 3 (Oxford: Refugee Studies Centre, Oxford University, 2000).
19.
19 Ibid., p. 2.
20.
20 Cited in Cutts (note 16 above).
21.
21 See Disasters , vol. 22, no. 4, December 1998.
22.
22 Mark Duffield, Post-Modern Conflict, Aid Policy and Humanitarian Conditionality , DFID Discussion Paper (London: Department for International Development, 1997).
23.
23 Adam Roberts, Humanitarian War: Military Intervention and Human Rights , Humanitares Volkerrecht-Informationsschriften no. 3 (German Red Cross, 1993).
24.
24 Mark Duffield, `Post-Modern Conflict: Warlords, Post-Adjustment States and Private Protection', Civil Wars , vol. 1, no. 1 (London: Frank Cass, 1998), p. 69; David Keen, `Incentives and Disincentives for Violence', in Mats Berdal & David M. Malone, eds, Greed and Grievance: Economic Agendas in Civil Wars (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2000), pp. 19-41, on p. 28.
25.
25 H. J. A. Sire, The Knights of Malta (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1994).
26.
26 Helen Nicholson, Templars, Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights: Images of the Military Orders 1128-1291 (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1993), p. 23.
27.
27 Rony Brauman, L'Action Humanitaire [Humanitarian Action] (Paris: Dominos Flammarion, 1996); Jonathan Benthall, Disaster, Relief and the Media (London: I. B. Tauris, 1993).
28.
28 Nicholson (note 26 above).
29.
29 Ibid., p. 23.
30.
30 Bernard of Clairvaux, De Laude Novae Militiae [In Praise of the New Knighthood], Cistercian Fathers Series no. 19 (Kalamazoo, MI: Cistercian Publications, [1128] 1977).
31.
31 Ibid., p. 124.
32.
32 Henri Dunant, A Memory of Solferino (Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, [1863] 1986), p. 118.
33.
33 Marcel Junod, Warrior Without Weapons (Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1982; first published by Jonathan Cape, 1951).
34.
34 Hutchinson (note 9 above), pp. 14-15.
35.
35 Boutros Boutros-Ghali, An Agenda for Peace (New York: United Nations, 1992).
36.
36 Miguel de Cervantes, Don Quixote (London: Penguin Classics, [1604] 1986), p. 33.