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References
1.
1 For more detailed information about the Stability Pact, see the web-site of the Special Co-ordinator for the Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe (SCSP) at http://www.stabilitypact.org.
2.
2 The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) was not among the signatories to the Stability Pact on 10 June 1999 in Cologne, because of sanctions and the international community's known negative attitude towards the Milosevic regime. However, the FRY became a member of the Pact on 26 October 2000, in Bucharest, when the Regional Table was in session.
3.
3 See Andrew Cottey, `Europe's New Subregionalism', Journal of Strategic Studies , vol. 23, no. 2, June 2000, pp. 23-47.
4.
4 Members of the BSEC are Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria, Georgia, Greece, Moldova and Romania.
5.
5 The participating states in the Royaumont Initiative are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, the FRY, the FYROM, Hungary, Romania, Slovenia and Turkey, together with the European Commission.
6.
6 Albania, Bulgaria, the FRY, Greece, Romania and Turkey founded the South Eastern Europe Co-operation Process (SEECP), also known as the Balkan Conference. The FYROM boycotted the meeting because of its dispute with Greece, while Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Slovenia attended the Balkan Conference as observers. During the second meeting in June 1997, the FYROM became a full-time participant.
7.
7 The participating states in the SECI are Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, the FYROM, Hungary, Moldova, Romania, Slovenia and Turkey. The main intention of the SECI is to encourage cooperation between the SEE members and facilitate their integration into European structures.
8.
8 In January 1998, Croatia adopted constitutional amendments that prohibit the return to any kind of Yugoslav community.
9.
9 About future EU membership of SEE countries, see also Johannes Varwick, `The Kosovo Crisis and European Union: The Stability Pact and Its Consequences for EU Enlargement', in Kurt R. Spillmann & Joachim Krause, eds, Kosovo: Lessons Learned for International Cooperative Security (Bern: Peter Lang, 2000), pp. 159-178.
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10 At its Washington Summit, NATO launched the Membership Action Plan. The nine countries that have declared an interest in joining NATO and that are participating in the MAP are Albania, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia and the FYROM.
11.
11 See also Vladimir Gligorov, `Scoring Stability Pact', Vienna Institute for International Economic Studies, Spring Seminar, 31 March 2000.
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12 Vladimir Gligorov, `Trade in the Balkans', paper presented at the conference `Southeast Europe after NATO and EU Enlargement: Towards Inclusive Security Structures?', WEU Institute for Security Studies, Paris, December 1997, p. 2.
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13 Anatoly Verbin, `Balkan Stability Pact Dreams Far from Reality', Times of India , 27 July 2000.
14.
14 See Ivan Krastev, `De-Balkanising the Balkans: What Priorities?', International Spectator (Rome), vol. 35, no. 3, July-September 2000, pp. 7-17.
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15 See Heinz Kramer, `The European Union in the Balkans: Another Step Towards European Integration', Perceptions , vol. 5, no. 3, September-November 2000, pp. 22-38.
16.
16 Misha Glenny, `Has Anyone Seen Our Policy?', Washington Quarterly , vol. 23, no. 4, Autumn 2000, pp. 171-175.
17.
17 Carl Bildt, `A Second Chance in the Balkans', Foreign Affairs , vol. 80, no. 1, January-February 2001, pp. 148-158.
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18 In these rankings, 1 represents the least corrupt country and 99 the most corrupt; see also World Bank, The Road to Stability and Prosperity in South Eastern Europe: A Regional Strategy Paper (Washington, DC: World Bank, 1 March 2000), pp. 94-118.
19.
19 Frank Cilluffo & George Salmoiraghi, `And the Winner Is... the Albanian Mafia', Washington Quarterly , vol. 22, no. 4, Autumn 1999, pp. 21-25.
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20 Maggie O'Kane, `Kosovo Drug Mafia Supply Heroin to Europe', The Guardian , 13 March 2000.
21.
21 Interview with Lorenza Bacino, `The Albanian Mafia', Radio Netherlands, 23 March 2001.
22.
22 `Is Peace Possible?', seminar organized by Independent International Commission on Kosovo and the Central European University, Budapest, 3-4 April 2000.
23.
23 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Human Development Report 1999: Globalization with a Human Face (New York: UNDP, 1999), p. 2.
24.
24 Andrew J. Pierre, `De-Balkanizing the Balkans: Security and Stability in Southeastern Europe', Special Report, United States Institute of Peace, Washington, DC, 20 September 1999, p. 2.