International Criminal Court

1 James Gow, `A Revolution in International Affairs?', Security Dialogue, vol. 31, no. 3, September 2000, pp. 293-306.

2 The text of the statute can be seen and downloaded from the CICC International Criminal Court Home Page, at: http://www.iccnow.org/html/icc19990712.html. This NGO website (http://www.iccnow.org) allows free e-mail subscription to all news and publications on the ICC.

3 Ruth Wedgwood, `The International Criminal Court: An American View', European Journal of International Law, vol. 10, no. 1, 1999, pp. 93-107; and `Fiddling in Rome', Foreign Affairs, vol. 77, no. 6, November-December 1998, pp. 20-24; John Bolton, `The Global Prosecutors: Hunting War Criminals in the Name of Utopia', Foreign Affairs, vol. 78, no. 1, January-February 1999, pp. 157-164; and `Why an International Criminal Court Won't Work', Wall Street Journal, 30 March 1998. More constructive criticism was made by Jonathan Charney, `Progress in International Criminal Law?', American Journal of International Law, vol. 93, no. 2, April 1999, pp. 452-464.

4 All of the judges at Nuremberg were from the victorious states; there was ex post facto legislation; and no right of appeal was provided. The Tokyo Tribunal did not charge Emperor Hirohito. See details in Herbert Bix, Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (New York: HarperCollins, 2000), reviewed in The Economist, 2-8 September 2000, pp. 85-86.

5 See Timothy Mak, `The Case Against an International War Crimes Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia', International Peacekeeping, vol. 2, no. 4, Winter 1995, pp. 536-569; Aleksandar Fatic, `The Need for a Politically Balanced Works of the Hague International War Crimes Tribunal', Review of International Affairs, vol. XLVII, no. 2, May 1996, pp. 8-11.

6 Manuel Garreton, `Chile 1997-98: The Revenge of Incomplete Democratization', International Affairs, vol. 75, no. 2, April 1999, pp. 253-267, on p. 263.

7 Editorial in Sunday Telegraph, 18 July 1999, p. 32.

8 I borrow this language from Aurelien Colson, `The Logic of Peace and the Logic of Justice', International Relations, vol. XV, no. 1, April 2000, pp. 51-63.

9 See note 2, above.

10 Both Carla del Ponte and Milan Panic are quoted from the CICC International Criminal Court Home Page (note 2 above).

11 On the latter, see David J. Francis, `Torturous Path to Peace: The Lomé Accord and Postwar Peacebuilding in Sierra Leone', Security Dialogue, vol. 31, no. 3, September 2000, pp. 357-373.

12 Wedgwood (note 3 above), p. 95.

13 See Mahnoush Arsanjani, `The ICC and National Amnesties', 93 ASIL Proc. 214 (2000) (American Society of International Law Proceedings of the 93rd Annual Meeting 24-27 March 1999), pp. 65-68.

14 `The Trouble with Amnesties', The Economist, 19-25 August 2000, p. 16.

15 Wedgwood (note 3 above), p. 95.

16 Report of the International Law Commission (ILC), 46th Session (2 May-22 July 1994), UN Doc. A/49/10, p. 85.

17 More details are provided in Vesselin Popovski, `UN Security Council: Rethinking Humanitarian Intervention and the Veto', Security Dialogue, vol. 31, no. 2, June 2000, pp. 249-251.

18 Sally Morphet explored this tendency in her analysis of Chinese voting in the Security Council in `China as a Permanent Member of the Security Council', Security Dialogue, vol. 31, no. 2, June 2000, pp. 151-166.

19 Wedgwood (note 3 above), p. 98.

20 Antonio Cassese, `Statute of the International Criminal Court: Some Preliminary Reflections', European Journal of International Law, vol. 10, no. 1, 1999, pp. 144-171, on p. 162.

21 See, for example, C. K. Hall, `The Third and Fourth Sessions of the UN Preparatory Committee on the Establishment of the ICC', American Journal of International Law, vol. 92, no. 1, January 1998, pp. 124-133.

22 Cassese (note 20 above), pp. 147-148.

23 For the flaws in the definition of other crimes, see Cassese (note 20 above), pp. 150-153.

24 Cassese (note 20 above), p. 164.

25 Marten Zwanenburg, `The Statute for an International Criminal Court and the United States: Peacekeepers under Fire?', European Journal of International Law, vol. 10, no. 1, 1999, pp. 124-143.

26 Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, `The International Criminal Court: The Case for US Support', available at http://www.lchr.org/feature/50th/uspos.htm.

27 David Scheffer, the Head of the US Delegation at the Rome Conference and at the subsequent PrepComs, indicated possible cooperation if ICC jurisdiction will be not binding upon non-members. D. Scheffer, `The ICC: The Challenge of Jurisdiction', 93 ASIL Proc. 214 (2000) (American Society of International Law Proceedings of the 93rd Annual Meeting, 24-27 March 1999), pp. 68-72. See also Scheffer's latest statements at the CICC International Criminal Court Home Page (note 2 above).