Abstract
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
1 For a detailed study on decisionmaking and policy formulation, see Raymond Bauer & Kenneth Gergen, eds, The Study of Policy Formulation (New York: The Free Press, 1968).
2.
2 `Expediency Council' is the usual term for the `Exigency Council' - in full the `Expediency Discernment Council of the System', itself the literal translation of shoray-e tashkhis-e maslahat-e nezam. The Experts' Assembly has the power to elect a `leader' or `leadership council'. Ayatollah Khameini was elected by this assembly to succeed Ayatollah Khomeini as Leader of the Islamic Revolution.
3.
3 Ayatollah Mohammad Yazdi, `Yazdi Sees No Prospect for Ties with US', Iran Daily , 10 April 1999.
4.
4 The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran , with latest amendments, Islamic Assembly International Department, p. 18.
5.
5 Ibid., p. 89.
6.
6 Ibid.
7.
7 Ibid., p. 90.
8.
8 Ibid., p. 86.
9.
9 Ibid., pp. 71-72.
10.
10 Security Dialogue 's style for the waterway surrounded by Iran and seven Arab states is `the Gulf'. See, for example, most recently, Gawdat Bahgat, `Security in the Gulf: The View from Oman', Security Dialogue , vol. 30, no. 4, December 1999, pp. 445-458. In this article, we have used `the (Persian) Gulf' at the insistence of the author.
11.
11 `Mohajerani Wins Vote of Confidence', Iran Daily , 2 May 1999. The `vote of confidence' is a reference to a failed attempt by the conservatives in the majlis to have him impeached for not being Islamic enough, especially over the issue of press freedom.
12.
12 Jomhouri Eslami , Internet issue, 3 May 1999, http://www.neda.net/j-eslami/130287/d.htm
13.
13 The 23rd of May (2 Khordad 1376 in the Iranian solar calendar) marks the day on which Khatami was elected president by over 20 million votes. Hence the appellation `supporters of 2 Khordad'.
14.
14 Kharrazi in his talks to Venezuelan president, IRNA, 19 March 1999. Full text can be retrieved from http://www.irna.com/newshtm/eng/28005947.htm
15.
15 `Iranian Cleric: Iran Will Not Be Deceived by Softer U.S. Tone', CNN interactive (AP), online edition, 23 April 1999, http://cnn.com/WORLD/meast/9904/23/BC-Iran-US.ap/index.html
16.
16 Mohammad Javad Hojjati-Kermani, `Wisdom and the White House', Iran Daily , 21 April 1999, p. 2.
17.
17 `Expediency Council Instructed to Study Third Plan', Iran Daily , 11 April 1999, p. 2. The italics are the author's.
18.
18 `Dar Piami beh Raees Majmaa Tashkhis Maslahat Nezam, Rahbar Moazam Enghelab Mehvarhayeh syasat Kolli Barnameh Panjsaleh Sevvom ra Taeein Kardand', Ettela'at , Persian Daily, 11 April 1999, p. 2.
19.
19 `Iranian President Opens Historic Trip to Italy with Call for Dialogue', CNN Interactive, 9 March 1999.
20.
20 `Full text of President Khatami's speech at Italian Parliament', Tehran Times , Internet edition, 10 March 1999, http://www.tehrantimes.com/1999-mar10/dom.htm
21.
21 Gary Sick, `A Look at... the Iranian Stalemate: They're Changing. Why Can't We?', Washington Post , 28 March 1999.
22.
22 Tehran Times , 2 November 1999.
23.
23 Ibid.
24.
24 `Iran's President Defends Freedom and the Right to Criticize', CNN Interactive, 4 May 1999: http://cnn.com/WORLD/meast/9905/04/BC-Iran-DefendingFreedom.ap/index.html