Superficially at odds with the idea of empirical research, autopoiesis is shown on closer study to demand a fundamental reconsideration of the empirico-theoretical relationship. This idea is developed firstly in the context of a possible methodology and secondly in the application of that methodology to a particular regulatory situ ation. The aim is to arrive at a more adequately complex understanding of the regu latory process - as well as of the process of legal sociological research itself.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Arbib, Michael A. and Mary B. Hesse (1986) The Construction of Reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
2.
Atlan, Henri (1979) Entre cristal et la fumée: Essai sur l'organisation du vivant. Paris: Seuil.
3.
Axelrod, Robert (1976a) Structure of Decision: The Cognitive Maps of Political Elites. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
4.
Axelrod, Robert (1976b) 'The Cognitive Mapping Approach to Decision Making' , pp. 3-17 in R. Axelrod (ed.) Structure of Decision: The Cognitive Maps of Political Elites. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
5.
Axelrod, Robert (1976c) 'The Analysis of Cognitive Maps', pp. 55-73 in R. Axelrod (ed.) Structure of Decision: The Cognitive Maps of Political Elites. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
6.
Black, Donald (1989) Sociological Justice. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
7.
Bloor, David (1976) Knowledge and Social Imagery. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
8.
Bohm, David (1981) Wholeness and the Implicate Order. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
9.
Carson, W.G. (1981) The Other Price of Britain's Oil: Safety and Control in the North Sea. Oxford: Martin Robertson.
10.
Clune, William H. (1992) 'Implementation as Autopoietic Interaction of Autopoietic Organizations', pp. 485-513 in G. Teubner and A. Febbrajo (eds) State, Law and Economy as Autopoietic Systems: Regulation and Autonomy in a New Perspective. Milan: Giuffrè .
11.
Collins, Harry (1985) Changing Order: Replication and Induction in Scientific Practice. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage .
12.
Cornell, Drucilla (1992) 'The Relevance of Time to the Relationship between the Philosophy of the Limit and Systems Theory', Cardozo Law Review13: 1579-603.
13.
Crea (1985) Généalogies de l'auto-organisation . Paris: Cahiers du CREA.
14.
Crine (1994) CRINE - Cost Reduction Initiative in the New Era. Report published on behalf of UKOOA by the Institute of Petroleum, London, February 1994.
15.
Cullen (1990) The Public Inquiry into the Piper Alpha Disaster. Chairman The Hon. Lord Cullen (Cm. 1310). London: HMSO.
16.
de Berg, Henk and Matthias Prangel (1995) Differenzen: Systemtheorie zwischen Dekonstruktion und Konstruktivismus. Tübingen : Francke.
17.
Dumouchel, Paul and Jean-Pierre Dupuy (eds) (1983) L'Auto-organisation: De la physique au politique. Paris: Seuil.
18.
Ewald, François (1987) 'The Law of Law', pp. 36-50 in G. Teubner (ed.) Autopoietic Law: A New Approach to Law and Society. Berlin: de Gruyter .
19.
Frankel, P.H. (1968) Essentials of Petroleum: A Key to Oil Economics & Essentials Updated 1968. London: Frank Cass.
20.
Fuchs, Peter (1995) Die Umschrift. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
21.
Griffiths, John (1986) 'What is Legal Pluralism?', Journal of Legal Pluralism24, 1-55.
22.
Grundmann, Reiner (1991) Marxism and Ecology. Oxford : Clarendon Press.
23.
Günther, Gotthard (1976a) 'Cybernetic Ontology and Transjunctional Operations' , pp. 249-328 in G. Günther (ed.) Beitrage zur Grundlegung einer operationsfähigen Dialektik I. Hamburg : Meiner.
24.
Günther, Gotthard (1976b) 'Life as Poly-contexturality', pp. 283-306 in G. Günther, Beitrage zur Grundlegung einer operationsfahigen Dialektik I. Hamburg: Meiner.
25.
Haken, Hermann (1977) Synergetics: An Introduction. Berlin: Springer.
26.
Heller, Thomas (1987) 'Accounting for Law', pp. 283-311 in G. Teubner (ed.) Autopoietic Law: A New Approach to Law and Society. Berlin: de Gruyter .
27.
Hofstadter, Douglas R. (1979) Godel, Escher, Bach: An Eternal Golden BraidNew York: Basic Books.
28.
Hofstadter, Douglas R. (1985) 'Nomic: A Self-modifying Game Based on Reflexivity in Law', pp. 70-86 in D. R. Hofstadter (ed.) Metamagical Themas: Questing for the Essence of Mind and Pattern . New York: Bantam.
29.
Howe, R.J. (1986) 'Evolution of Offshore Drilling and Production Technology', Offshore Technology ConferenceIV(5354): 593-603.
30.
HSE (Health and Safety Executive) (1996) Use of Risk Assessment within Government Departments. London: HMSO.
31.
Hutter, Michael (1992) 'How the Economy Talks the Law into Co-evolution: An Exercise in Autopoietic Social Theory', pp. 265-93 in G. Teubner and A. Febbrajo (eds) State, Law and Economy as Autopoietic Systems: Regulation and Autonomy in a New Perspective. Milan: Giuffrè .
32.
Jones, Matthew and Laurence Brooks (1994) 'Addressing Organisational Context in Requirements Analysis Using Cognitive Mapping', University of Cambridge, Research Papers in Management Studies 1993-4, no. 17.
33.
King, Michael and Christine Piper (1990) How the Law Thinks about Children. Aldershot: Gower.
34.
Krohn, Wolfgang and Günter Küppers (1990) 'Selbstreferenz und Planung,' Selbstorganisation1: 101-27.
35.
Krohn, Wolfgang, Günther Kuppers and Rainer Paslack (1987) 'Selbstorganisation: Zur Genese und Entwicklung einer wissenschaftlichen Revolution', pp. 44-65 in S. Schmidt (ed.) Der Diskurs des radikalen Konstruktivismus . Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
36.
Luhmann, Niklas (1981) 'Identitätsgebrauch in selbstsubstitutiven Ordnungen, besonders Gesellsschaften', pp. 198-227 in Niklas Luhmann (ed.) Soziologische Aufklarung 3. Opladen : Westdeutscher Verlag.
37.
Luhmann, Niklas (1988) 'The Third Question: The Creative Use of Paradoxes in Law and Legal History', Journal of Law and Society15: 153-65.
38.
Luhmann, Niklas (1990) Die Wissenschaft der Gesellschaft. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
39.
Luhmann, Niklas (1992a) 'The Coding of the Legal System', pp. 145-85 in A. Febbrajo and G. Teubner (ed.) State, Law and Economy as Autopoietic Systems: Regulation and Autonomy in a New Perspective. Milano: Giuffrè .
40.
Luhmann, Niklas (1992b) 'Operational Closure and Structural Coupling: The Differentiation of the Legal System', Cardozo Law Review13: 1419-41.
41.
Luhmann, Niklas (1993a) Das Recht der Gesellschaft. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
42.
Luhmann, Niklas (1993b) Risk: A Sociological TheoryBerlin: de Gruyter.
43.
Luhmann, Niklas (1995) 'The Paradoxy of Observing Systems', Cultural Critique31: 37-55.
Luhmann, Niklas (1997b) Die Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp.
46.
Maturana, Humberto R. and Francisco J. Varela (1980) Autopoiesis and Cognition . Boston, MA: Reidel.
47.
Mayntz, Renate (1983) 'The Conditions of Effective Public Policy: A New Challenge for Policy Analysis', Policy and Politics2(1): 123-143.
48.
Ministry of Power (1967) Report of the Inquiry into the Causes of the Accident to the Drilling Rig Sea Gem (Cm. 3409)London: HMSO.
49.
Molloy, Jack (1993) 'Workforce Involvement in Safety Case Development', in Offshore Safety Cases: The Living Documents - Where Next? Conference Documentation, 1-2 December 1993. London: IBC Technical Services.
50.
Morin, Edgar (1986) La Méthode: 3. La Connaissancel1. Paris: Seuil.
51.
Nahamowitz, Peter (1992) 'Difficulties with Economic Law: Definitional and Material Problems of an Emerging Legal Discipline', pp. 515-77 in G. Teubner and A. Febbrajo (eds) State, Law and Economy as Autopoietic Systems: Regulation and Autonomy in a New Perspective. Milan: Giuffrè .
52.
Paterson, John (1997) Behind the Mask: Regulating Health and Safety in Britain's Offshore Oil and Gas Industry. Thesis, European University Institute, Florence.
53.
Prigogine, Ilya (1976) 'Order through Fluctuation: Self-organisation and Social System', pp. 93-133 in E. Jantsch and C. H. Waddington (eds) Evolution and Consciouness: Human Systems in Transition. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
54.
Roeber, Joe (1993) The Evolution of Oil Markets: Trading Instruments and their Role in Price Formation. London: The Royal Institute of International Affairs.
55.
Rottleuthner, Hubert (1987) Einfuehrung in die Rechtssoziologie. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
56.
Rottleuthner, Hubert (1989) 'The Limits of Law - The Myth of a Regulatory Crisis ' International Journal of the Sociology of Law17: 273-85.
57.
Rottleuthner, Hubert (1991) 'Grenzen rechtlicher Steuerung', pp. 123-139 in P. Koller and O. Weinberger (eds) Grundlagen der Rechtspolitik. Wiesbaden: Steiner.
58.
Santos, Boaventura de Sousa (1987) 'Law: A Map of Misreading. Toward a Postmodern Conception of Law', Journal of Law and Society14: 279-302.
59.
Santos, Boaventura de Sousa (1995) Toward a New Common Sense: Law, Science and Politics in the Paradigmatic Transition. New York: Routledge.
60.
Savelsberg, Joachim J. (1987) 'The Making of Criminal Law Norms in Welfare States: Economic Crime in West Germany', Law and Society Review21(4): 529-61.
61.
Schiepek, Günter (1989) 'Selbstreferenz und Veretzung als Grundprinzipien zweier verschiedeber System begriffe: Vorüberlegungen für eine sozialwissenschaftliche Synergetik', System Familie2: 229-41.
62.
Sheldrake, Rupert (1988) The Presence of the Past: Morphic Resonance and the Habits of Nature. London: Collins .
63.
Skeet, Ian (ed.) (1989) Paul Frankel: Common Carrier of Common Sense - A Selection of his Writings, 1946-1988 . Oxford: Oxford University Press for the Oxford Institute of Energy Studies.
64.
Spencer-Brown, George (1972) Laws of Form. New York: Julian.
65.
Stäheli, Urs (1995) 'Latent Places of the Political in Luhmann's Systems Theory: Towards a Politics of Deparadoxification', Working Paper no. 5. Colchester: Centre for Theoretical Studies .
66.
Stichweh, Rudolf (1987) 'Die Autopiesis der Wissenschaft', pp. 447-81 in D. Baecker, J. Markowitz, R. Stichweh and H. Willke (eds) Theorie als Passion. Frankfurt : Suhrkamp.
67.
Street, William R. (1975) 'United Kingdom Regulations for Permanent Offshore Structures', Offshore Technology ConferenceIII(2409): 731-6.
68.
Suber, Peter (1990) The Paradox of Self-amendment: A Study of Logic, Law, Omnipotence and Change. New York: Peter Lang.
69.
Taber, Charles (1992) 'POLI: An Expert System Model of US Foreign Policy Belief Systems' American Political Science Review55: 888-904.
70.
Teubner, Gunther (1991) 'Autopoiesis and Steering: How Politics Profits from the Normative Surplus of Capital', pp. 127-41 in R. in t' Veld, L. Schaapp, C. Termeer and M. van Twist (eds) Autopoiesis and Configuration Theory: New Approaches to Societal Steering. Dordrecht: Kluwer.
71.
Teubner, Gunther (1997) 'The King's Many Bodies: The Self-deconstruction of Law's Hierarchy', Law and Society Review (forthcoming).
72.
Teubner, Gunther and Alberto Febbrajo (eds) (1992) State, Law and Economy as Autopoietic Systems: Regulation and Autonomy in a New Perspective. Milan, Giuffrè.
73.
Varela, Francisco J. (1975) 'A Calculus for Self-Reference', International Journal of General Systems2: 5-24.
74.
von Förster, Heinz (1981) Observing Systems. Seaside, CA: Intersystems Publications.
75.
Willke, Helmut (1987) 'Strategien der Intervention in autonome Systeme' , pp. 333-61 in D. Baeker, J. Markowitz, R. Stichweh and H. Willke (eds) Theorie als PassionFrankfurt: Suhrkamp.
76.
Willke, Helmut (1992) 'Societal Guidance through Law', pp. 353-87 in A. Febbrajo and G. Teubner (eds) State, Law, and Economy as Autopoietic Systems: Regulation and Autonomy in a New Perspective. Milano: Giuffrè .
77.
Wood, Denis (1993) The Power of Maps. London: Routledge.
78.
Woolfson, Charles, John Foster and Matthias Beck (1996) Paying for the Piper: Capital and Labour in Britain's Offshore Oil Industry. London: Mansell.
79.
Woolgar, Steve and Malcolm Ashmore (1988) 'The Next Step: An Introduction to the Reflexive Project', pp. 1-11 in Steve Woolgar (ed.) Knowledge and Reflexivity: New Frontiers in the Sociology of Knowledge. London: Sage.
80.
Wright, Chris (1986) 'Routine Deaths: Fatal Accidents in the Oil Industry' , Sociological Review34(1): 265-89.
81.
Ziman, John (1978) Reliable Knowledge: An Exploration of the Grounds for Belief in Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
