This article explores the intersection of geography, law and treatment through the lens of drug treatment courts. We show how the courts facilitate addiction treatment in part through specific definitions of urban spaces as either healthy or unhealthy. We argue that these definitions rely on the problematic notions that drug use is a geographically fixed activity and that neighbourhoods deemed unhealthy (because of either drug using or criminal activity) are essentially bad, void of any supportive features. These observations lead us to a broader framework of ‘spatio-therapeutics’ which is simultaneously productive and repressive.
Beckett K. and Herbert S.(2010) Penal boundaries: Banishment and the expansion of punishment. Law and Social Inquiry35(1): 1-38.
2.
Blomley N. ( 2003) Unsettling the City: Urban Land and the Politics of Property . New York: Routledge.
3.
Blomley N.(2010) The right to pass freely: Circulation, begging and the boundless self . Socio-Legal Studies19(3): 331-350.
4.
Blomley N., Delaney D. and Ford R. ( 2001) Introduction. Legal Geographies Reader: Law, Power and Space. Blackwell: Oxford.
5.
Bottomley A. and Moore N. ( 2007) From walls to membranes: Fortress polis and the governance of urban space in 21st century Britain. Law and Critique18(2): 171-206.
6.
Bourgois P. and Schonberg J. ( 2009) Righteous Dopefiend. Berkley: UCLA Press.
7.
Collins D. and Blomley N. ( 2003) Private needs and public space: Politics, poverty, and anti-panhandling by-laws in Canadian cities. In: Law Commission of Canada (ed.) New Perspectives on the Public-Private Divide. Vancouver, Canada: University of British Columbia Press, 41-67.
8.
Conradson D. ( 2003) Geographies of care: Spaces, practices, experiences. Social & Cultural Geography4(4): 451-454.
9.
Cooper D. ( 1998) Governing Out of Order: Space, Law and the Politics of Belonging. London: Rivers Oram Press .
10.
Crampton J and Eldon S (eds) (2007) Space, Knowledge and Power: Foucault and Geography. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
11.
Davis M. ( 2002) Dead Cities and Other Tales. New York : New Press.
12.
Delaney D. ( 2003) Beyond the word: Law as a thing of this world. In: Holder J and Harrison C (eds) Law and Geography: Current Legal Issues5, 67-83.
13.
Donohue E. and Moore D.(2009) When is an offender not an offender?: Power, the client and shifting penal subjectivities. Punishment & Society11: 319-336.
14.
England M.(2009) Stay out of drug areas: Drugs, othering and the regulation of public space in Seattle Washington. Space and Polity12(2): 197-213.
15.
Fischer B., Roberts J., and Kirst M. ( 2002) Compulsory drug treatment in Canada: Historical origins and recent developments. European Addiction Research8(2): 61-68.
16.
Foucault M. ( 1977) Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison. New York: Random House.
17.
Foucault M. ( 2007) The language of space (trans. Gerald Moore). In: Crampton J and Eldon S (eds) Space, Knowledge and Power: Foucault and Geography . Farnham: Ashgate Publishing Limited .
18.
Gesler W. ( 1992) Therapeutic landscapes: Medical issues in light of the new cultural geography. Social Science & Medicine34(7): 735-746.
19.
Goldkamp J., White M., and Robinson, J. ( 2001) Context and change: The evolution of pioneering drug courts in Portland and Las Vegas (1991-1998). Law and Policy23(2): 141-170.
20.
Gottfredson D., Najaka S., Kearley B., and Rocha C. ( 2006) Long-term effects of participation in the Baltimore City drug treatment court: Results from an experimental study. Journal of Experimental Criminology2: 67-98.
21.
Hacking I. ( 1991) The making and molding of child abuse. Critical Inquiry19(2): 253-288.
22.
Hacking I. ( 1995) The looping effect of human kinds. In: Sperber D, Premack, D, and Premack AJ (eds) Causal Cognition: An Interdisciplinary Approach. Oxford University Press : Oxford.
23.
Hacking I. ( 1999) The Social Construction of What?Cambridge : Harvard University Press.
24.
Hannah-Moffat K. ( 1999) Moral agent or actuarial subject: Risk and Canadian women’s imprisonment. Theoretical Criminology3(1): 71-94.
25.
Hannah-Moffat K. and Turnbull S. ( 2009) Under these conditions: Gender, parole and the governance of reintegration. British Journal of Criminology, 49(4): 532-551.
26.
Hermer J and Mosher J (eds) (2002) Disorderly People: Law and the Politics of Exclusion in Ontario. Halifax: Fernwood Publishing .
27.
Kelling G. and Coles C. ( 1996) Fixing Broken Windows: Restoring Order and Reducing Crime in Our Communities. New York: Simon and Schuster.
28.
Kellough G. and Wortley S. ( 2002) Remand for plea: Bail decisions and plea bargaining as commensurate decisions. British Journal of Criminology. 42(1): 186-202.
29.
Kilty J. and DeVellis L. (forthcoming) Transcarceration and the production of ‘grey space’: How frontline workers exercise spatial practices in a halfway house for women. In: Strimelle V and Vanhamme F (eds) Droits et voix: La criminologie à l’Université d’Ottawa/Rights and Voice: Criminology at the University of Ottawa. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
30.
Miller P. and Rose N. ( 2008) Governing the Present: Administering Economic, Social and Personal Life. Cambridge: Polity Press.
31.
Mills S. ( 2007) Geography, gender and power. In: Crampton J and Eldon S (eds) Space, Knowledge and Power: Foucault and Geography. Farnham : Ashgate Publishing Limited.
32.
Mirchandani R. ( 2004) Battered Women’s Movement Ideals and Judge-Led Social Change in Domestic Violence Courts. The Good Society13(1): 32-37.
33.
Mitchell D. ( 1997) The annihilation of space by law: The roots and implications of anti-homeless laws in the US. Antipode29(3): 303-305.
34.
Mitchell D. ( 2003) The Right to the City: Social Justice and the Fight for Public Space. New York: Guilford Press.
35.
Moore D. ( 2007) Criminal Artefacts: Governing Drugs and Users. Vancouver: UBC Press.
36.
Moore D. (forthcoming a) Treating Canada’s criminalized drug addicts. In: Martel M (ed.) Canadian Drug Law. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
37.
Moore D. (forthcoming b) The benevolent watch: Therapeutic surveillance in drug treatment courts. Theoretical Criminology.
38.
Nolan J. ( 2001) Reinventing Justice: The American Drug Court Movement . Princeton: Princeton University Press.
39.
Nolan J. ( 2003) Redefining criminal courts: Problem-solving and the meaning of justice. American Criminal Law Review40: 1541-1565.
40.
Philippopoulos-Mihalopoulos A. and FitzGerald S. (2008) From space immaterial: The invisibility of the lawscape. Griffith Law Review17(2): 438-453.
41.
Pratt G. ( 2005) Abandoned women and the spaces of exception. Antipode37(5): 1052-1078.
42.
Rose N. ( 1989) Governing the Soul: The Shaping of the Private Self. London: Free Association Books.
43.
Rose N. ( 1998) Inventing Ourselves: Psychology, Power and Personhood . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
44.
Rose N. ( 2003) The neurochemical self and its anomalies. In: Ericson R and Doyle A (eds) Risk and Morality. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
45.
Rothman D. ( 1980) Conscience and Convenience: The Asylum and Its Alternatives in Progressive America. Boston: Little, Brown.
46.
Shields R. ( 2001) Places on the Margin: Alternative Geographies of Modernity . London: Routledge.
47.
Slater T. ( 2004) Municipally managed gentrification in South Parkdale, Toronto. The Canadian Geographer48(3): 303-325.
48.
Smith H. ( 2003) Planning, policy and polarisation in Vancouver’s Downtown Eastside. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 94(4): 496-509.
49.
Valverde M. ( 1998) Diseases of the Will: Alcohol and the Dilemmas of Freedom . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
50.
Valverde M.(2009) Jurisdiction and scale: Legal ‘technicalities’ as resources for theory. Social and Legal Studies18(2): 139-157.
51.
Wacquant L. ( 2000) The new ‘peculiar institution’: On the prison as a surrogate ghetto. Theoretical Criminology4(3): 377-389.
52.
Wexler D. and Winick B. ( 1996) Introduction. In: Wexler D and Winick B (eds) Law in a Therapeutic Key: Developments in Therapeutic Jurisprudence. Durham: Carolina Academic Press.
53.
Whitzman C. and Slater T. ( 2006) Village Ghetto Land: Myth, Social Conditions, and Housing Policy in Parkdale, Toronto, 1897-2000. Urban Affairs Review41: 673-696.
54.
Wickham G. and Pavlich G. ( 2005) Rethinking Law, Society and Governance: Foucault’s Bequest. Hart Publishing: Oxford .
