Implicit or explicit in work on care and caring has been the issue of time. Notwithstanding this fact, however, time itself has not been sufficiently problematized. In the first part of this paper, the concept of process time is introduced and its relevance for an understanding of care-work is suggested. Drawing on data from a qualitative study of day nurseries in Sweden, the second part of the paper explores various tensions and conflicts that (can) arise in this type of care-work due to the intermeshing of clock/linear time and process time. The implications, in relation to present day economic cuts, are also briefly discussed.
Adam, B.
(1989) `Feminist Social Theory Needs Time. Reflections on the Relation between Feminist Thought, Social Theory and Time as an Important Parameter in Social Analysis', Sociological Review37: 458-473.
2.
Balbo, L.
and Nowotny, H. (eds) (1986) Time to Care in Tomorrow's Welfare Systems: The Nordic Experience and the Italian Case. Vienna: European Centre for Social Welfare Training and Research.
3.
Berger, P.
, Berger, B. and Kellner, H. (1974) The Homeless Mind. Modernization and Consciousness. New York: Vintage.
4.
Cunnison, S.
(1986) `Gender, Consent and Exploitation among Sheltered Housing Wardens', in K. Purcell, S. Wood, A. Waton and S. Allen (eds) The Changing Experience of Employment, pp. 88-205. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
5.
Dalley, G. (1988) Ideologies of Caring. Rethinking Community and Collectivism. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
6.
Davies, K. (1987) `Manlig tid och kvinnors verklighet', Kvinnovetenskaplig tidskrift 8(4): 26-41.
7.
Davies, K.
(1990) Women, Time and the Weaving of the Strands of Everyday Life. Aldershot: Avebury.
8.
Davies, K.
and Esseveld, J. (1987) `Reflections on Research Practices in Qualitative Research', Research Report, University of Lund: Department of Sociology.
9.
Davies, K. and Esseveld, J. (1990) `Spänningar i välfärdsstaten - exemplet tidsbegränsad anställning', Kvinnovetenskaplig tidskrift 11(2): 49-62.
10.
de Saint-Exupéry, A.
(1945/1971) The Little Prince. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
11.
Ehn, B. (1983) Ska vi leka tiger? Daghemsliv ur kulturell synvinkel. Stockholm: Liber.
12.
Eliasson, R. (1987) Forskningsetik och perspektivval. Lund: Studentlitteratur.
13.
Eliasson, R. (1991) `Omsorgsrationaliteten och dess villkor. En ideologikritisk ansats', in B. Bergsten, A. Bjerkman, H.-E. Hermansson and J. Israel (eds) Etik, solidaritet, välfärd. Till Harald Swedner. En vänbok från kamrater på en irrande planet, pp. 35-51. Lund: Daidalos.
14.
Finch, J.
and Groves, D. (eds) (1983) A Labour of Love: Women, Work and Caring. London: Routledge.
15.
Forman, F. J.
with Sowton, C. (eds) (1989) Taking our Time. Feminist Perspectives on Temporality. Oxford: Pergamon.
16.
Franssén, A. (1993) `Kvinnors tankar och handlingar inom vården', paper presented at the seminar `Äldreomsorgens vardag och villkor', Socialhögskolan, University of Lund.
17.
Gilligan, C.
(1982) In a Different Voice. Psychological Theory and Women's Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
18.
Graham, H.
(1991) `The Concept of Caring in Feminist Research: The Case of Domestic Service', Sociology25(1): 61-78.
19.
Gunnarsson, E. (1989) `Kvinnors arbetsrationalitet och kvalifikationer', Arbetsrapport no. 6 in Qvistprojektet. Stockholm: Arbetslivscentrum.
20.
Hernes, H. M.
(1987) Welfare State and Woman Power. Oslo: Norwegian University Press.
21.
Holsti, O. R.
(1969) Content Analysis for the Social Sciences and Humanities. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
22.
James, N.
(1992) `Care = Organisation + Physical Labour + Emotional Labour', Sociology of Health and Illness14(4): 488-509.
23.
Josefson, I. (1991) Kunskapens former. Det reflekterande yrkeskunnandet. Stockholm: Carlssons.
24.
Knutsdotter Olofsson, B. (1991) Varför leker inte barnen? Stockholm: HLS förlag.
25.
Land, H.
(1991) `Time to Care', in M. Maclean and D. Groves (eds) Women's Issues in Social Policy, pp. 7-19. London: Tavistock.
26.
Leccardi, C.
and Rampazi, M. (1993) `Past and Future in Young Women's Experience of Time', Time & Society2(3): 353-379.
27.
Liljeström, R. and Jarup, B. (1983) Vardagsvett och vetenskap i vårdarbete. Stockholm: Svenska kommunalarbetareförbundet.
28.
Lindqvist, G. (1992) Ensam i vida världen. Om temaarbete i förskolan. Lund: Studentlitteratur.
29.
McEwan, I.
(1987) The Child in Time. London: Jonathan Cape.
30.
Noddings, N.
(1984) Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education. Berkeley: University of California Press.
31.
Öhman, M.
(1992) Radio programme Tendens, Swedish radio, Pl, 10 September.
32.
Rubinstein Reich, L. (1993) Samling i förskolan. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell.
33.
Smith, D. E.
(1979) `A Sociology for Women', in J. A. Sherman and E. Torton Beck (eds) The Prism of Sex. Essays in the Sociology of Knowledge, pp. 135-187. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
34.
Smith, D. E.
(1987) The Everyday World as Problematic. A Feminist Sociology. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press.
35.
Sørensen, B. A. (1982) `Ansvarsrasjonalitet: om mål - middeltenkning blant kvinner', in H. Holter (ed.) Kvinner i Felleskap, pp. 392-402. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget.
36.
Thomas, C.
(1993) `De-constructing Concepts of Care', Sociology27(4): 649-669.
37.
Tong, R.
(1993) Feminine and Feminist Ethics. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.
38.
Tronto, J. C.
(1989) `Women and Caring: What Can Feminists Learn about Morality from Caring?', in A. M. Jaggar and S. R. Bordo (eds) Gender/Body/Knowledge. Feminist Reconstructions of Being and Knowing, pp. 172-187. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
39.
Ungerson, C.
(ed.) (1990) Gender and Caring: Work and Welfare in Britain and Scandinavia. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
40.
Ve, H. (1989) `Kvinnor, byråkrati och välfärdsstat', Sociologisk forskning 26(4): 3-17.
41.
Wærness, K.
(1984) `The Rationality of Caring', Economic and Industrial Bureaucracy5(2): 185-211.
