Anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) have been reported in patients with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) without associated thrombotic events. We describe a patient with longstanding JCA who developed central retinal vein occlusion in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (APL).
Caporali R. et al. Antiphospholipid antibody associated thrombosis in juvenile chronic arthritis. Arch Dis Child1992; 67: 1384-1385.
2.
Gattorno M. et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies in paediatric systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile chronic arthritis and overlap syndromes: SLE patients with both lupus anticoagulant and high-titre anticardiolipin antibodies are at risk for clinical manifestations related to the antiphospholipid syndrome. Br J Rheum1995; 34: 873-881.
3.
Caporali R. et al. Prevalence of anticardiolipin antibodies in juvenile chronic arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis1991; 50: 599-601.
4.
Lawrence III JM et al. Autoantibody studies in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum1993; 22: 265-274.
5.
Glacet-Bernard A. et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies in retinal vascular occlusions. A prospective study of 75 patients. Arch Ophthal1994; 112: 790-795.
6.
Bertram B., Hasse G., Remky A., Reim M.Anticardiolipin antibodies in vascular occlusions of the eye (German). Ophthalmologe1994; 91: 768-771 (abstract).
7.
Asherson RA et al. Antiphospholipid antibodies; a risk factor for occlusive ocular vascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus and the 'primary' antiphospholipid syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis1989; 48: 358-361.
8.
Zierhut M. et al. Retinal vasculitis and antiphospholipid antibodies. (German) . Ophthalmologe1994; 91: 772-776 (abstract).
9.
Martini A., Ravelli A., Viola S., Burgio RGSystemic lupus erythematosus with Jaccoud's arthropathy mimicking juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum1987 ; 30: 1062-1064.
10.
Citera G., Espada G., Maldonedo Cocco JASequential development of 2 connective tissue diseases in juvenile patients . JRheumatol1993; 20: 2149-2152.
11.
Ragsdale CG , Petty RE, Cassidy JK, Sullivan DBThe clinical progression of apparent juvenile rheumatoid arthritis to systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol1980; 7: 50-55.
12.
Saulsbury FT et al. Overlap Syndrome of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. J Rheumatol1982; 9: 610-612.