SLE and osteoporosis: dependence and/or independence on glucocorticoids

Mills JA Systemic lupus erythematosus. New Engl J Med 1994; 330: 1871-1879.

Bresnihan B. Outcome and survival in systemic lupus erythematosus . Ann Rheum Dis 1989; 48: 443-445.

Halberg P. Survival and causes of death in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus . Clin Rheumatol 1991; 10: 367-368.

Dykman TR et al. Evaluation of factors associated with glucocorticoid-induced osteopenia in patients with rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum 1985; 28: 361-368.

Dhillon VB et al. Assessment of the effect of oral corticosteroids on bone mineral density in systemic lupus erythematosus: a preliminary study with dual energy x ray absorptiometry. Ann Rheum Dis 1990; 49: 624-626.

Lahita RG et al. Abnormal oestrogen and androgen metabolism in the human with systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Kidney Dis 1982; 2 (Suppl. 1): 206-211.

Kalla AA , van Wyk Kotze TJ , Meyers OL Metacarpal bone mass in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 1992; 11: 475-482.

Kalla AA , Fataar AA , Jessop SJ , Bewerunge L. Loss of trabecular bone mineral density in systemic lupus erythematosus . Arthritis Rheum 1993; 36: 1726-1734.

Formiga F. et al. Loss of bone mineral density in premenopausal women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 1995; 54: 274-276.

Sels F. et al. Bone density in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology in Europe 1995; 24 (Suppl. 3): 353.

Houssiau FA et al. Severe trabecular and cortical bone loss in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE): The respective roles of disease and corticosteroids. Rheumatology in Europe 1995 ; 24 (Suppl. 3): 11.

Hørslev-Petersen K. et al. Influence of disease activity and drug treatment on bone mineral content (BMD) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus . Rheumatology in Europe 1995; 24 (Suppl. 3): 11.

Arden NK , Spector TD Viewpoint: Oestrogens, bones and systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 1993; 2: 381-382.

Lahita RG Sex and age in systemic lupus erythematosus. In: Lahita RG (ed), Systemic Lupus Erythematosus . New York: John Wiley, 1987: 523-539.

Dahlman TC Osteoporotic fractures and the recurrence of thromboemobolism during pregnancy and the puerperium in 184 women undergoing thromboprophylaxis with heparin . Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993; 168: 1265-1270.

Resch H. et al. Decreased peripheral bone mineral content in patients under anticoagulant therapy with phenprocoumon. Eur Heart J 1991; 12: 439-441.

Seitz M. , Hunstein W. Enhanced prostanoid release from monocytes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and active systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 1985; 44: 438-445.

Tanaka Y. et al. Spontaneous production of bone-resorbing lymphokines by B cells in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Immunol 1989; 9: 415-420.

Sambrook PN , Jones G. Corticosteroid osteoprosis. Br J Rheum 1995; 34: 8-12.

Dequeker J. , Westhovens R. Low dose corticosteroid associated osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis and its prophylaxis and treatment: bones of contention . J Rheumatol 1995; 22: 1013-1019.

Blumsohn A. et al. The effect of calcium supplementation on the circadian rhythm of bone resorption. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1994; 79: 730-735.

Verstraeten A. , Dequeker J. Vertebral and peripheral bone mineral content and fracture evidence in postmenopausal patients with rheumatoid arthritis: effect of low dose corticosteroids. Ann Rheum Dis 1986; 45: 852-857.

Sambrook PN et al. Prevention of corticosteroid osteoporosis: a comparison of calcium, calcitriol and calcitonin. New Engl J Med 1993; 328: 1747-1752.