Beta2-Glycoprotein I

Schultze HE , Heide K. , Haupt H. Uber einbisher unbekanntes niedermole kulares β2 globulin des human serums . Naturwissen Schaften 1961; 48: 719.

Lee NS , Brewer HB , Osbome Jcj. Beta 2-Glycoprotein I. Molecular properties of an unusual apolipoprotein, apolipoprotein H. J Biol Chem 1983 ; 258: 4765-70.

McNeil HP , Simpson RJ , Chesterman CN , Krilis SA Antiphospholipid antibodies are directed against a complex antigen that includes a lipid-binding inhibitor of coagulation: beta 2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 4120-4.

Galli M. , Comfurius P. , Maassen C. et al. Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) are directed not to cardiolipin but to a plasma protein cofactor. Lancet 1990 ; 335: 1544-7.

Matsuura E. , Igarashi Y. , Fujimoto M. , Ichikawa K. , Koike T. Anticardiolipin cofactor(s) and differential diagnosis of autoimmune disease . Lancet 1990; 336: 177-8.

Lozier J. , Takahashi N. , Putnam FW Complete amino acid sequence of human plasma beta 2-glycoprotein I . Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1984; 81: 3640-4.

Walsh MT , Watzlawick H. , Putnam FW , Schmid K. , Brossmer R. Effect of the carbohydrate moiety on the secondary structure of β2-glycoprotein I. Implications for the biosynthesis and folding of glycoproteins. Biochemistry 1990; 29: 6250-7.

Schousboe I. Beta 2-Glycoprotein I: a plasma inhibitor of the contact activation of the intrinsic blood coagulation pathway. Blood 1985; 66: 1086-91.

Nimpf J. , Bevers EM , Bomans PH et al. Prothrombinase activity of human platelets is inhibited by beta 2-glycoprotein I. Biochim Biophys Acta 1986 ; 884: 142-9.

Nimpf J. , Wurm H. , Kostner GM Beta 2-glycoprotein I (apo-H) inhibits the release reaction of human platelets during ADP-induced aggregation. Atherosclerosis 1987; 63: 109-14.

Kroll J. , Larsen JK , Loft H. et al. DNA-binding protein in Yoshida ascites tumour fluid. Biochim Biophys Acta 1976; 434: 490-501.

Polz E. Isolation of a specific lipid-binding protein from human serum by affinity chromatography using heparin-sepharose. In: Protides of Biological fluids. Peeters H (ed). Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1979: 817-20.

Schousboe I. Characterisation of the interaction between beta 2-glycoprotein I and mitochondria, platelets, liposomes and bile acids . Int J Biochem 1983; 15: 1393-401.

Wurm H. Beta 2-glycoprotein-I (apolipoprotein H) interactions with phospholipid vesicles . Int J Biochem 1984; 16: 511-15.

McNeil HP , Chesterman CN , Krilis SA Anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulants comprise separate antibody subgroups with different phospholipid binding characteristics. Br J Haematol 1989; 73: 506-13.

Loizou S. , McCrea JD , Rudge AC et al. Measurement of anticardiolipin antibodies by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: standardization and quantitation of results. Clin Exp Immunol 1985 ; 62: 738-44.

Gharavi AE , Harris EN , Asherson RA , Hughes Grv Anticardiolipin antibodies: isotype distribution and phospholipid specificity . Ann Rheum Dis 1987; 46: 1-6.

Kato H. , Enjyoji K. Amino acid sequence and location of the disulphide bonds in bovine beta 2-glycoprotein I: the presence of five Suchi domains. Biochemistry 1991; 30: 11687-94.

Bendixen E. , Halkier T. , Magnusson S. , Sottrup-Jensen L. , Kristensen T. Complete primary structuring of bovine beta 2-glycoprotein I: localisation of the disulphide bridges. Biochemistry 1992; 31: 3611-17.

Harris EN , Gharavi AE , Wasley GD , Hughes Grv. Use of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and inhibition studies to distinguish between antibodies to cardiolipin from patients with syphilis or autoimmune disease. J Infect Dis 1988; 157: 23-31.

Hunt JE , McNeil HP , Morgan GJ , Crameri RM , Krilis SA A phospholipid-β2-glycoprotein I complex is an antigen for anticardiolipin antibodies occurring in autoimmune disease but not with infection. Lupus 1992; 1: 83-90.

Rauch J. , Janoff AS The nature of antiphospholipid antibodies. J Rheum 1992; 19: 1782-5.

Rauch J. , Janoff AS Phospholipid in the hexagonal phase is immunogenic. Evidence for immunorecognition of nonbilayer lipid phases in vivo. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 1990; 87: 112-14.

Gharavi AE , Summaritano LR , Wen J. , Elkon EB Induction of antiphospholipid antibodies by immunization with β2-glycoprotein I (apolipoprotein H). J Clin Invest 1992; 90: 1105-9.

Blank M. , Faden D. , Tincani A. et al. Immunization with anticardiolipin cofactor (beta-2-glycoprotein I) induces experimental antiphospholipid syndrome in naive mice. J Autoimmun (in press).

Viard JP , Amoura Z. , Bach JF Association of anti-beta-2 glycoprotein I antibodies with lupus-type circulating anticoagulants and thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Am J Med 1992; 93: 181-6.

Oosting JD , Derksen Rhwm , Entjes Hti , Bouma BN , de Groot PG Lupus anticoagulant activity is frequently dependent on the presence of β2-glycoprotein I. Thromb Haemostas 1992; 67: 499-502.

Roubey Ras , Pratt CW , Buyon JP Winfield JB Lupus anticoagulant activity of autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies is dependent upon β2-glycoprotein I. J Clin Invest 1992; 90: 1100-4.

Roubey Ras , Pratt CW , Winfield JB β2 Glycoprotein I dependent lupus anticoagulant activity is inhibited by hexagonal (II) phase phospholipid. American College of Rheumatology Annual Scientific Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, 1993; Suppl.69.

Matsuda J. , Gohchi K. , Tsukamoto M. , Saitoh N. , Asami K. , Hashimoto M. Anticoagulant activity of an anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibody is dependent on the presence of β2 glycoprotein I. Am J Hematol 1993; 44: 187-91.

Pierangeli SS , Harris EN , Gharavi AE , Goldsmith G. , Branch DW , Dean WL Are immunoglobulins with lupus anticoagulant activity specific for phospholipids? Br J Haematol 1993; 85: 124-32.

Toschi V. , Motta A. , Castelli C. et al. Prevalence and clinical significance of antiphospholipid antibodies to non-cardiolipin antigens in SLE. Haemostasis 1993; 23: 275-83.

Steinkasserer A. , Estaller C. , Weiss EH , Sim RB , Day AJ Complete nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of human β2-glycoprotein I. Biochem J 1991; 277: 387-91.

Reid Kbm , Day AJ Structure-function relationships of the complement components. Immunol Today 1989; 10: 177-80.

Hunt JE , Simpson RJ , Krilis SA Identification of a region of β2-glycoprotein I critical for lipid-binding and anticardiolipin antibody cofactor activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993; 90: 2141-5.

Polz E. , Wurm H. , Kostner GM Studies on the composition of the protein part of triglyceride rich lipoproteins of human serum: isolation of polymorphic forms of beta 2-glycoprotein-I . Artery 1981; 9: 305-15.

Hunt JE , Krilis SA The fifth domain of β2-glycoprotein I contains a phospholipid binding site (Cys 281-Cys 288) and a region recognised by anticardiolipin antibodies . J Immunol 1994; 152: 653-9.

Steinkasserer A. , Barlow PN , Willis AC et al. Activity, disulphide mapping and structural modelling of the fifth domain of human β2-glycoprotein I. FEBS Lett 1992; 313: 193-7.

Kouts S. , Bunn CL , Steinkasserer A. , Krilis SA Expression of human recombinant β2-glycoprotein I with anticardiolipin antibody cofactor activity. FEBS Lett 1993 ; 326: 105-8.

Igarashi M. , Matsuura E. , Igarashi Y. et al. Expression of anticardiolipin cofactor, human β2 glycoprotein I, by a recombinant baculovirus/ insect cell system . Clin Exp Immunol 1993 ; 93: 19-25.

Matsuura E. , Igarashi M. , Igarashi Y. et al. Molecular definition of human beta-2-glycoprotein I by cDNA cloning and inter-species differences of beta 2-GP1 in alternation of anticardiolipin binding. Int Immunol 1991 ; 3: 1217-21.

Schousboe I. In vitro activation of the contact activation system (Hageman factor system) in plasma by acidic phospholipids and the inhibitory effect of beta 2-glycoprotein I on this activation. Int J Biochem 1988; 20: 309-15.

Henry ML , Everson B. , Ratnoff OD Inhibition of the activation of Hageman factor (factor XII) by beta 2-glycoprotein I. J Lab Clin Med 1988; 111: 519-23.

Shi W. , Chong BH , Hogg PJ , Chesterman CN Anticardiolipin antibodies block the inhibition by β2 glycoprotein I of the factor Xa generating activity of platelets. Thromb Haemostasis 1993; 70: 342-5.

Oosting JD , Derksen RH , Hackeng TM et al. In vitro studies antiphospholipid antibodies and its cofactor, beta-2-glycoprotein I, show negligible effects on endothelial cell-mediated protein C activation. Thromb Haemost 1991; 66: 666-71.

Galli M. , Comfurius P. , Barbui T. , Zwaal RF , Bevers EM Anticoagulant activity of beta 2-glycoprotein I is potentiated by a distinct subgroup of anticardiolipin antibodies. Thromb Haemost 1992; 68: 297-300.

Kouts S. , Wang MX , Adelstein S. , Krilis SA Immunization of a rabbit with β2-glycoprotein I induces charge dependent cross-reactive antibodies that bind anionic phospholipids with similar reactivity as autoimmune antiphospholipid antibodies. Sixth International Symposium on Antiphospholipid Antibodies, September 1994 (oral presentation).

Khamashta MA , Ichikawa K. , Hughes Grv , Savidge GF , Warnes G. , Saundry RH β2-glycoprotein I dependency and reactivity to platelets of monoclonal anticardiolipin antibodies raised from patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1993; 36(Suppl.74): abstract 215.

Roubey Ras , Winfield JB IgG anticardiolipin autoantibodies are low affinity antibodies to β2 glycoprotein I. Arthritis Rheum 1993; 36(Suppl.75): abstract 220.

Matsuura E. , Igarashi Y. , Yasuda T. , Triplett DA , Koike T. Anticardiolipin antibodies recognise β2 glycoprotein I structure altered by interacting with an oxygen modified solid phase surface. J Exp Med 1994; 179: 457-62.

Walter H. , Hilling M. , Brachtel R. , Hitzeroth HW On the population genetics of β2-glycoprotein I. Hum Hered 1979; 29: 236-41.

Vlachoyiannopoulos PG , Krilis SA , Hunt JE , Manoussakis MN , Moutsopoulos HM Patients with anticardiolipin antibodies with and without antiphospholipid syndrome: their clinical features and β2 glycoprotein I plasma levels. Eur J Clin Invest 1992; 22: 482-7.

Ichikawa Y. , Takamatsu K. , Shimizu H. et al. Serum apolipoprotein H levels in systemic lupus erythematosus are not influenced by antiphospholipid antibodies. Lupus 1992; 1: 145-9.

Steinkasserer A. , Cockburn DJ , Black DM et al. Assignment of apolipoprotein H (β2-GP1) to human chromosome 17g 23 --- qter determination of the major expression site. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1992; 60: 31-3.

Hashimoto Y. , Kawamura M. , Ichikawa K. et al. Anticardiolipin antibodies in NZW X BxSB FI mice. A model of antiphospholipid syndrome. J Immunol 1992; 149: 1063-8.