Six pediatric patients with Raynaud's phenomenon are reported. Three patients had clinical and immunological evidence for a connective tissue disease; one had primary Raynaud's phenomenon associated with antinuclear antibodies and two had Raynaud's phenomenon secondary to exposure to lead and to a vibrating instrument, respectively. The diagnostic and therapeutic implications of these observations will be discussed.
Eberhardt K. , Svantesson H., Svensson B.Follow-up study of 6 children presenting with a MCTD-like syndrome. Scand J Rheumatol1981 ; 10: 62-4.
7.
Shono T., Okadome K., Naritomi G., Suita S.Raynaud's disease in childhood with radiological features. Br J Radiol1990; 63: 364-6.
8.
Kallenberg Cgm , Wouda AA, Hoet MH, Van Venrooij WJ.Development of connective tissue disease in patients presenting with Raynaud's phenomenon: a six year follow up with emphasis on the predictive value of antinuclear antibodies as detected by immunoblotting. Ann Rheum Dis1988; 47: 634-41.
9.
Herrick AL, Jayson MIPrimary Raynaud's phenomenon in early childhood. Br J Rheumatol1991; 30: 223-5.
10.
Ashe WF, Cook WT, Old JWRaynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin. Arch Environ Health1962; 5: 333-43.
11.
Gemne G.Pathophysiology and multifactorial etiology of acquired vasospastic disease (Raynaud's syndrome) in vibration-exposed workers. Scand J Work Environ Health1982; 8: 243-9.
12.
Nerem RMVibration-induced arterial shear stress. The relationship to Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin. Arch Environ Health1973; 26: 105-10.
13.
Cervera R., Khamashta MA, Hughes Grv. 'Overlap' syndromes. Ann Rheum Dis1990; 49: 947-8.
14.
Chisholm JJ Jr, Barltrop D.Recognition and management of children with increased lead absorption . Arch Dis Child1979; 54: 249-56.
15.
Buoncompagni A., Barbano GC, Pistoia V. et al.Childhood systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of 30 cases. Clin Exp Rheumatol1991 ; 9: 425-30.
