1 Isenberg D Rahman A . Systemic lupus erythematosus–2005 annus mirabilis. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol2006; 2: 145–152.
2.
2 Anolik JH Aringer M . New treatments for SLE: cell-depleting and anti-cytokine therapies. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol2005; 19: 859–878.
3.
3 Strand V . Lessons learned from clinical trials in SLE. Autoimmun Rev2007; 6: 209–214.
4.
4 Charles PJ Smeenk RJ De Jong J Feldmann M Maini RN . Assessment of antibodies to double-stranded DNA induced in rheumatoid arthritis patients following treatment with infliximab, a monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor alpha: findings in open-label and randomized placebo-controlled trials. Arthritis Rheum2000; 43: 2383–2390.
5.
5 De Rycke L Kruithof E Van Damme N . Antinuclear antibodies following infliximab treatment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or spondylarthropathy. Arthritis Rheum2003; 48: 1015–1023.
6.
6 Eriksson C Engstrand S Sundqvist KG Rantapaa-Dahlqvist S . Autoantibody formation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-TNF alpha. Ann Rheum Dis2005; 64: 403–407.
7.
7 Ferraro-Peyret C Coury F Tebib JG Bienvenu J Fabien N . Infliximab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis-induced specific antinuclear and antiphospholipid autoantibodies without autoimmune clinical manifestations: a two-year prospective study. Arthritis Res Ther2004; 6: R535–R543.
8.
8 Allanore Y Sellam J Batteux F Job DC Weill B Kahan A . Induction of autoantibodies in refractory rheumatoid arthritis treated by infliximab. Clin Exp Rheumatol2004; 22: 756–758.
9.
9 Ferraccioli GF Assaloni R Di Poi E Gremese E De Marchi G Fabris M . Rescue of combination therapy failures using infliximab, while maintaining the combination or monotherapy with methotrexate: results of an open trial. Rheumatology (Oxford)2002; 41: 1109–1112.
10.
10 Jacob CO McDevitt HO . Tumour necrosis factor-alpha in murine autoimmune ‘lupus’ nephritis. Nature1988; 331: 356–358.
11.
11 Gordon C Ranges GE Greenspan JS Wofsy D . Chronic therapy with recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha in autoimmune NZB/NZW F1 mice. Clin Immunol Immunopathol1989; 52: 421–434.
12.
12 Kontoyiannis D Kollias G . Accelerated autoimmunity and lupus nephritis in NZB mice with an engineered heterozygous deficiency in tumor necrosis factor. Eur J Immunol2000; 30: 2038–2047.
13.
13 Aringer M Smolen JS . TNF and other proinflammatory cytokines in SLE: a rationale for therapeutic intervention. Lupus2004; 13: 344–347.
14.
14 De Rycke L Baeten D Kruithof E Van Den BF Veys EM de Keyser KF . The effect of TNFalpha blockade on the antinuclear antibody profile in patients with chronic arthritis: biological and clinical implications. Lupus2005; 14: 931–937.
15.
15 Aringer M Smolen JS . The role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther2008; 10: 202.
16.
16 Studnicka-Benke A Steiner G Petera P Smolen JS . Tumour necrosis factor alpha and its soluble receptors parallel clinical disease and autoimmune activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Br J Rheumatol1996; 35: 1067–1074.
17.
17 Aringer M Smolen JS . Cytokine expression in lupus kidneys. Lupus2005; 14: 13–18.
18.
18 Zampieri S Alaibac M Iaccarino L . Tumour necrosis factor alpha is expressed in refractory skin lesions from patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis2006; 65: 545–548.
19.
19 De Bandt M Sibilia J Le Loët X . Systemic lupus erythematosus induced by anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha therapy: a French national survey. Arthritis Res Ther2005; 7: R545–R551.
20.
20 Aringer M Steiner G Graninger WB Hofler E Steiner CW Smolen JS . Effects of short-term infliximab therapy on autoantibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum2007; 56: 274–279.
21.
21 Aringer M Houssiau F Graninger WB Feierl E Steiner G Smolen JS . Long term safety and efficacy of open-label infliximab for SLE. Ann Rheum Dis2007; 66: 455.
22.
22 Cervera R Khamashta MA Font J . Morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus during a 10-year period: a comparison of early and late manifestations in a cohort of 1,000 patients. Medicine (Baltimore)2003; 82: 299–308.
23.
23 Kang I Park SH . Infectious complications in SLE after immunosuppressive therapies. Curr Opin Rheumatol2003; 15: 528–534.
24.
24 Keane J Gershon S Wise RP . Tuberculosis associated with infliximab, a tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agent. N Engl J Med2001; 345: 1098–1104.
25.
25 Lee JH Slifman NR Gershon SK . Life-threatening histoplasmosis complicating immunotherapy with tumor necrosis factor alpha antagonists infliximab and etanercept. Arthritis Rheum2002; 46: 2565–2570.
26.
26 Slifman NR Gershon SK Lee JH Edwards ET Braun MM . Listeria monocytogenes infection as a complication of treatment with tumor necrosis factor alpha-neutralizing agents. Arthritis Rheum2003; 48: 319–324.
27.
27 Aringer M Graninger WB Steiner G Smolen JS . Safety and efficacy of tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade in systemic lupus erythematosus: an open-label study. Arthritis Rheum2004; 50: 3161–3169.
28.
28 Katz RS Holt-Daly N MacDonald PA . Frequent infusion reactions associated with infliximab treatment in patients with polyarthritis related to systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum2003; 48: S379.
29.
29 Bernatsky S Ramsey-Goldman R Isenberg D . Hodgkin's lymphoma in systemic lupus erythematosus.Rheumatology (Oxford) 2007; 46: 830–832.
30.
30 Zintzaras E Voulgarelis M Moutsopoulos HM . The risk of lymphoma development in autoimmune diseases: a meta-analysis. Arch Intern Med2005; 165: 2337–2344.
31.
31 Thonhofer R Gaugg M Kriessmayr M Neumann HJ Erlacher L . Spontaneous remission of marginal zone B cell lymphoma in a patient with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis after discontinuation of infliximab-methotrexate treatment. Ann Rheum Dis2005; 64: 1098–1099.
32.
32 Mackey AC Green L Liang LC Dinndorf P Avigan M . Hepatosplenic T cell lymphoma associated with infliximab use in young patients treated for inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr2007; 44: 265–267.
33.
33 Wegener's Granulomatosis Etanercept Trial (WGET) Research Group. Etanercept plus standard therapy for Wegener's granulomatosis. N Engl J Med2005; 352: 351–361.
34.
34 Principi M Di LA Ingrosso M . Lupus nephritis improvement after anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody (infliximab) treatment for Crohn's disease: a case report. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol2004; 26: 243–248.
35.
35 Hayat SJ Uppal SS Narayanan Nampoory MR Johny KV Gupta R Al-Oun M . Safety and efficacy of infliximab in a patient with active WHO class IV lupus nephritis. Clin Rheumatol2007; 26: 973–975.
36.
36 Henzan T Nagafuji K Tsukamoto H . Success with infliximab in treating refractory hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Am J Hematol2006; 81: 59–61.
37.
37 Ideguchi H Ohno S Takase K . Successful treatment of refractory lupus-associated haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with infliximab. Rheumatology (Oxford)2007; 46: 1621–1622.
38.
38 Takahashi N Naniwa T Banno S . Successful use of etanercept in the treatment of acute lupus hemophagocytic syndrome. Mod Rheumatol2008; 18: 72–75.
39.
39 Norman R Greenberg RG Jackson JM . Case reports of etanercept in inflammatory dermatoses. J Am Acad Dermatol2006; 54: S139–S142.
40.
40 Hiepe F Bruns A Feist E Burmester GR . Successful treatment of a patient suffering from a refractory subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) with blockers of tumour necrosis factor a. Arthritis Rheum2004; 50: S413.