Editorial: Photoprotection: does it work?

1 Hawk JLM  . Cutaneous photoprotection . Arch Dermatol 2003; 139: 527 – 530 .

2 Lautenschlager S  Wulf HC  Pittelkow MR  . Photoprotection . Lancet 2007; 370: 528 – 537 .

3 DeVries E  Bray FI  Coebergh JWW  Parkin DM  . Changing epidemiology of malignant cutaneous melanoma in Europe 1953–1997: rising trends in incidence and mortality but recent stabilizations in Western Europe and decreases in Scandinavia . Int J Cancer 2003; 107: 119 – 126 .

4 Parrish JA  Jaenicke KF  Anderson RR  . Erythema and melanogenesis action spectrum of normal human skin . Photochem Photobiol 1982; 36: 187 .

5 Diffey BL  . What is light ? Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2002; 18: 68 – 74 .

6 Gies P  . Photoprotcetion by clothing . Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 2007; 23: 264 – 274 .

7 Carolyn B  Lyde R  Bergstresser PR  . Ultraviolet protection from sun avoidance . Dermatol Ther 1997; 4: 72 – 78 .

8 Wahie S  Lloyd JJ  Farr PM  . Sunscreen ingredients and labelling: a survey of products available in the UK . Clin Exp Dermatol 2007; 32: 359 – 364 .

9 Stokes RP  Diffey BL  . How well are sunscreen users protected ? Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 1997; 13: 186 – 188 .

10 Kaidbey KH  . The photoprotective potential of the new superpotent sunscreens . J Am Acad Dermatol 1990; 22: 449 – 452 .

11 Young AR  Sheehan JM  Chadwick CA  Potten CS  . Protection by UVA and UVB sunscreens against in situ dipyrimidine photolesions in human epidermis is comparable to protection against sunburn . J Invest Dermatol 2000; 115: 37 – 41 .

12 Walker SL  Young AR  . Sunscreens offer same UVB protection factors for inflammation and immunosuppression in the mouse . J Invest Dermatol 1997; 108: 133 – 138 .

13 Darlington S  Williams G  Neale R  Frost C  Green A  . A randomized controlled trial to assess sunscreen application and beta carotene supplementation in the prevention of solar keratoses . Arch Dermatol 2003; 139: 451 – 455 .

14 Green A  Williams G  Neale R  . Daily sunscreen application and beta carotene supplementation in prevention of basal-cell and squamous-cell carcinomas of the skin: a randomised controlled trial . Lancet 1999; 354: 723 – 729 .

15 Dennis LK  Beane Freeman LE  VanBeek MJ  . Sunscreen use and risk for melanoma . Ann Intern Med 2003; 139: 966 – 978 .

16 Bech-Thomsen N  Wulf HC  . Sunbathers’ application of sunscreen is probably inadequate to obtain the sun protection factor assigned to the preparation . Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed 1992; 9: 242 – 244 .

17 Holick MF  . Vitamin D deficiency . N Eng J Med 2007; 357: 266 – 281 .

18 Munger KL  Zhang SM  O’Reilly E  . Vitamin D intake and incidence of multiple sclerosis . Neurology 2004; 62: 60 – 65 .

19 Bakhtiyarova S  Lesnyak O  Kyznesova N  Blankenstein MA  Lips P  . Vitamin D status among patients with hip fracture and elderly control subjects in Yekaterinburg, Russia . Osteoporos Int 2006; 17: 441 – 446 .

20 Nesby-O’Dell S  Scanlon KS  Cogswell ME  . Hypovitaminosis D prevalence and determinants among African American and white women of reproductive age: third national health and nutrition examination survey, 1988–1994 . Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 76: 187 – 192 .

21 Hollis BW  . Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels indicative of vitamin D sufficiency: implications for establishing a new effective dietary intake recommendation for vitamin D . J Nutr 2005; 135: 317 – 322 .

22 Working group of the Australian and New Zealand Bone and Mineral Society  Endocrine Society of Australia and Osteoporosis Australia  . Vitamin D and adult bone health in Australia and New Zealand: a position statement . Med J Aust 2005; 182: 281 – 285 .

23 Marks R  Foley PA  Jolley D  Knight KR  Harrison J  Thompson SC  . The effect of regular sunscreen use on vitamin D levels in an Australian population. Results of a randomized controlled trial . Arch Dermatol 1995; 131: 415 – 421 .

24 Sollitto RB  Kraemer KH  DiGiovanna JJ  . Normal vitamin D levels can be maintained despite rigorous photoprotection: six years’ experience with xeroderma pigmentosum . J Am Acad Dermatol 1997; 37: 942 – 947 .