Discontinuation rate and factors predictive of the use of hydroxychloroquine in LUMINA,a multiethnic US cohort (LUMINA XL)

The Canadian Hydroxychloroquine Study Group . A randomized study of the effect of withdrawing hydroxychloroquine sulfate in systemic lupus erythematosus . N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 150–154 .

Tsakonas E , Joseph L , Esdaile JM et al. A long-term study of hydroxychloroquine withdrawal on exacerbations in systemic lupus erythematosus . Lupus 1998; 7: 80–85 .

Fessler BJ , Alarcón GS , McGwin G Jr et al. Systemic lupus erythematosus in a multiethnic group: XVI. Hydroxychloroquine usage is associated with a lower risk of damage accrual . Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52: 1473–1480 .

Ruiz-Irastorza G , Egurbide MV , Ibarra S et al. Effect of antimalarials on long-term survival of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus . Lupus 2005; 14: 220-220 .

Alarcón GS , McGwin G, Jr Fessler BJ et al. “Confounding by indications” partially explains the protective effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in SLE survival: data from a multiethnic US cohort . Arthritis Rheum 2005; 52: S726-S726 .

Morand EF , McCloud PI , Littlejohn GO . Continuation of long term treatment with hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis . Ann Rheum Dis 1992; 51: 1318–1321 .

Wang C , Fortin PR , Li Y , Panaritis T , Gans M , Esdaile JM . Discontinuation of antimalarial drugs in systemic lupus erythematosus . J Rheumatol 1999; 26: 808–815 .

Petri M . Hydroxychloroquine use in the Baltimore Lupus Cohort: effects on lipids, glucose and thrombosis . Lupus 1996; 1: S16–S22 .

Molad Y , Gorshtein A , Wysenbeek AJ et al. Protective effect of hydroxychloroquine in systemic lupus erythematosus. Prospective long-term study of an Israeli cohort . Lupus 2002; 11: 356–361 .

Rahman P , Gladman DD , Urowitz MB , Yuen K , Hallett D , Bruce IN . The cholesterol lowering effect of antimalarial drugs is enhanced in patients with lupus taking corticosteroid drugs . J Rheumatol 1999; 26: 325–330 .

Hodis HN , Quismorio FP , Wickham E , Blankenhorn DH . The lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotien effects of hydroxychloroquine inpatients with systemic lupus erythematosus . J Rheumatol 1993; 20: 661–665 .

Wallace DJ , Metzger AL , Stecher VJ , Turnbull BA , Kern PA . Cholesterol-lowering effect of hydroxychloroquine in patients with rheumatic disease: reversal of deleterious effects of steroids on lipids . Am J Med 1990; 89: 322–326 .

Gerstein HC , Thorpe KE , Taylor DW , Haynes RB . The effectiveness of hydroxychloroquine in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are refractory to sulfonylureas–a randomized trial . Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2002; 55: 209–219 .

Emami J , Gerstein HC , Pasutto FM , Jamali F . Insulin-sparing effect of hydroxychloroquine in diabetic rats is concentration dependent . Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1999; 77: 118–123 .

Quatraro A , Consoli G , Magno M et al. Hydroxychloroquine in decompensated, treatment-refractory noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. A new job for an old drug? Ann Intern Med 1990; 112: 678–681 .

Chrisman OD , Snook GA , Wilson TC , Short JY . Prevention of venous thromboembolism by administration of hydroxychloroquine. A preliminary report . J Bone Joint Surg Am 1976; 58: 918–920 .

Pilcher DB . Hydroxychloroquine sulfate in prevention of thromboembolic phenomena in surgical patients . Am Surg 1975; 41: 761–766 .