Developments in education for librarianship are producing more diverse occasions for assessing students. Some studies in the literature of education may help to identify particular problems of assessment in which research could be valuable. Important techniques of assess ment—essays, objective tests, practical work and continuous assessment—all cause difficulties of some kind. The assessment of teaching is part of the assessment process, and is inevitably a responsibility of independent assessors. The purposes of assessment before, during, and at the end of courses reflect some changes in society today.
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