Comments on papers on U-shaped dose-response relationships for carcinogens

Cohen BL. How dangerous is low level radiation? Risk Analysis 1995; 15: 645-653 .

Little MP. Are two mutations sufficient to cause cancer? Some generalizations of the two-mutation model of carcinogenesis of Moolgavkar, Venzon and Knudson, and of the multistage model of Armitage and Doll . Biometrics 1995; 51: 1278-1291 .

Little MP. Generalisation of the two-mutation and classical multi-stage models of carcinogenesis fitted to the Japanese atomic bomb survivor data . J Radiol Prot 1996; 16: 7-24 .

Kai M , Luebeck EG , Moolgavkar SH. Analysis of solid cancer incidence among atomic bomb survivors using a two-stage model of carcinogenesis . Radiation Research 1997; 148: 348-358 .

Moolgavkar SH , Luebeck EG , Krewski D , Zielinski JM. Radon, cigarette smoke, and lung cancer: A reanalysis of the Colorado Plateau miners' data . Epidemiology 1993; 4: 204-217 .

Luebeck EG , Curtis SB , Cross FT , Moolgavkar SH. Two-stage model of radon-induced malignant lung tumors in rats: effects of cell killing . Radiation Research 1996; 145: 163-173 .

Heidenreich W , Luebeck EG , Moolgavkar SH. Some properties of the hazard function of the two-mutation clonal expansion model . Risk Analysis 1997; 17: 391-399 .

Andersen ME , Conolly RB. Mechanistic modeling of rodent liver tumor promotion at low levels of exposure: an example related to dose response relationships for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin . Human and Experimental Toxicology 1998; 17: 683-690 .

Pitot H et al. A method to quantitate the relative initiating and promoting potencies of hepatocarcinogenic agents in their dose-response relationships to altered hepatic foci . Carcinogenesis 1987; 8: 1491-1499 .

Kohn M et al. A mechanistic model of the effects of dioxin on gene expression in the rat liver . Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1993; 120: 138-154 .

Portier CJ et al. Ligand-receptor binding for 2,3,7,8-TCDD: Implications for risk assessment . Fundam Appl Toxicol 1993; 20: 48-56 .

Portier CJ et al. Modelling the number and size of hepatic focal lesions following exposure to 2,3,7,8- TCDD . Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1996; 138: 20-30 .

Moolgavkar SH , Luebeck EG , Buchmann A , Bock KW. Quantitative analysis of enzyme-altered foci in rats initiated with dieethylnitrosamine and prmoted with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin or 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachloro-p-dioxin . Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 1996; 138: 31-42 .

Stinchcombe S , Buchmann A , Bock KW , Schwarz M. Inhibition of apoptosis during 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-mediated tumor promotion in rat liver . Carcinogenesis 1995; 16: 1271-1275 .

Hickman AW , Jaramillo RJ , Lechner JF , Johnson NF. Alpha particle induced p53 protein expression in a rat lung epithelial cell strain . Cancer Res 1994; 54: 5797-5800 .