1 The influence of lindane and paraquat on oxidative stress-related parameters of the red blood cell was studied in vitro.
2 Lindane addition did not modify either the t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxygen uptake of the erythrocytes and the induction time preceding it, or the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, in conditions of comparable levels of haemoglobin and methaemoglobin.
3 Red blood cells exposed to paraquat exhibited a concentration-dependent decrease in the t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxygen consumption and increments in either the induction period or in the activity of catalase and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, with no changes in superoxide dismutase activity and a small decrement in that of glutathione peroxidase.
4 These data indicate that lindane does not interfere with the oxidant status of the erythrocyte, while paraquat addition leads to an increment in the anti-oxidant capacity of the red blood cell.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Dykens JA, Sullivan SG & Stern A.The red cell as a model for drug-induced oxidant stress. In: C. Rice-Evans (ed) Free Radicals, Oxidant Stress and Drug Action. London: Richelieu Press, 1987, pp. 331-43.
2.
Jain SK & Hochstein P.Generation of superoxide radicals by hydrazine. Its role in phenylhydrazine-induced hemolytic anemia. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta1979; 586: 128-36.
3.
Rice-Evans C. , Baysal E., Pashby DP & Hochstein P.t-Butyl hydroperoxide-induced perturbations of human erythrocytes as a model for oxidant stress. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta1985; 815: 426-32.
4.
Yalin AS, Sabuncu N. & Emerk K.Cumene hydroperoxide-induced chemiluminescence in human erythrocytes: effect of antioxidants and sulfhydryl compounds. Indian Journal ofBiochemistry1992; 24: 499-502.
5.
Hidalgo FJ, Zamora R. & Tappel ALDamage to red blood cells by halocompounds. Toxicology Letters1990; 52: 191-9.
6.
Ribarov SR, Benov LC & Benchev ICHgCl2 increases the methemoglobin prooxidant activity. Possible mechanism of Hg2+-induced lipid peroxidation in erythrocytes. Chemico-Biological Interactions1985; 50: 111-9.
7.
Blair PC, Thompson MB, Bechtold M., Wilson RE, Moorman MP & Fowler BAEvidence for oxidative damage to red blood cells in mice induced by arsine gas. Toxicology1990; 63: 25-34.
8.
Matkovics B. , Witas H., Gabrielak T. & Szabó L.Paraquat as an agent affecting antioxidant enzymes of common carp erythrocytes. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology1987; 87C: 217-219.
Autor APBiochemical Mechanisms of Paraquat Toxicity. New York: Academic Press, 1977.
11.
Antunes-Madeira MC, Carvalho Apo & Madeira Vmc.Interactions of insecticides with erythrocyte membranes. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology1981; 15: 79-89.
12.
Antunes-Madeira MC & Madeira Vmc.Partition of lindane in synthetic and native membranes. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta1985 ; 820: 165-72.
13.
Meade CJ, Harvey J., Boot JR, Turner GA, Bateman PE & Osborne, DJGamma-hexachlorocyclohexane stimulation of macrophage phopholipid hydrolisis and leukotriene production. Biochemical Pharmacology1984; 33: 289-93.
14.
Holian A., Marchiarullo MA & Stickle DFGamma-hexachlorocyclohexane activation of alveolar macrophage phosphatidylinositol cycle, calcium mobilization and O2-production. FEBS Letters1984; 176: 151-4.
15.
Verma SP & Singhal A.Low levels of the pesticide, delta-hexachlorocyclohexane, lyses human erythrocytes and alters organization of membrane lipids and proteins as revealed by Raman spectroscopy. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta1991; 1070: 265-273.
16.
Agrawal D., Sultana P. & Ray PKEffect of pesticides on red blood cells in vitro. Indian VeterinaryMedicine Journal1989; 13: 14-20.
17.
Agrawal D., Sultana P. & Gupta Gsd.Oxidative damage and changes in the glutathione redox system in erythrocytes from rats treated with hexachlorocyclohexane. Food and Chemical Toxicology1991; 29: 459-462.
18.
Bainy Acd, Arisi Acm, Azzalis LA et al. Differential effects of short-term lindane administration on parameters related to oxidative stress in rat liver and erythrocytes. Journal of Biochemical Toxicology1993; in press.
19.
Junqueira Vbc , Bainy Acd, Arisi Acm et al. Acute lindane intoxication of rats: a study on lindane tissue concentration and oxidative stress-related parameters in liver and erythrocytes. Journal of Biochemical Toxicology1993; in press.
20.
Bus JS, Aust SD & Gibson JESuperoxide- and singlet oxygen-catalyzed lipid peroxidation as a possible mechanism for paraquat (methyl viologen) toxicity. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications1974; 58: 749-55.
21.
Bus JS, Cagen SZ & Olgaard M.A mechanism of paraquat toxicity in mice and rats. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology1976; 35: 501-13.
22.
Fridovich I. & Hassan HMParaquat exacerbation of oxygen toxicity. Trends in Biochemical Sciences1979; 4: 113-5.
23.
Lissi E., Franz R., Cabezas J., Fernández V. & Videla LAEffects of antioxidants and haemoglobin status on the t-butyl hydroperoxide-induced oxygen uptake by red blood cells. Cell Biochemistry and Function1986; 4: 61-8.
24.
Videla LA, Villena MI, Donoso G., de la Fuente J. & Lissi E.Visible chemiluminescence induced by tbutylhydroperoxide in red blood cell suspension. Biochemistry International1984 ; 8: 821-30.
25.
Beutler E.The preparation of red cells for assay. In: E. Beutler (ed) Red Cell Metabolism. A manual of biochemical methods. New York: Grune Stratton , 1975, 2nd ed, pp. 8-18.
Glock GE & McLean P.Further studies on the properties and assay of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase of rat liver. Biochemical Journal1953; 55: 400-8.
28.
Beutler E.Catalase. In: E. Beutler (ed) Red Cell Metabolism. A manual of biochemical methods. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1975, pp. 89-90.
29.
McCord JM & Fridovich I.Superoxide dismutase: an enzymic function for erythrocuprein. Journal of Biological Chemistry1969; 244: 6049-55.
30.
Van Kampen EJ & Zijlstra WCStandardization of hemoglobinometry. II. The hemoglobincyanide method. Clinica Chimica Acta1981; 6: 538-44.
31.
Harrison JH & Jollow DJRole of aniline metabolites in aniline induced hemolytic anemia. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy1986; 238: 1045-54.
32.
Zahr J.Biostatistical Analysis. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.Englewood Cliffs, 1984.
33.
Dunett CWA multiple comparison procedure for comparing several treatments with a control . Journal of the American Statistics Association1955; 50: 1096-121.
34.
Goldsteen A. Biostatistics: An Introductory Text. New York: The MacMillan Company, 1967.
35.
Rose MS, Smith LL & Wyatt I.The relevance of pentose phosphate pathway stimulation in rat lung to the mechanism of paraquat toxicity. Biochemical Pharmacology1976; 25: 1763-7.
36.
Keeling PL, Smith LL & Aldridge WNThe formation of mixed disulphides in rat lung following paraquat administration. Correlation with changes in intermediary metabolism. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta1982; 716: 249-57.
