1 Human pulmonary macrophages (PM) have been obtained by broncho-pulmonary lavage from smokers and non-smokers. Smokers' PM tend to be larger cells with more particulate intracytoplasmic inclusions than non-smokers' cells.
2 Electronmicrographs show that the majority of inclusions are electron dense and within lysosomes. Other lysosomal inclusions in smokers' PM are needle-like structures and lamellar bodies.
3 A rosette assay that detects changes in surface Fc receptor expression was used to compare the Fc receptor expression of a PM subgroup that was heavily particle laden with a 'clean' PM subgroup.
4 There is strong evidence for reduced surface Fc receptor expression in heavily particle laden PM. The possible explanations of this difference are discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Barratt, M.E.J., Fell, H.B., Coombs, R.R.A. & Glanert, A.M. (1977). The pig synovium. II. Some properties of isolated intimal cells. Anatomy, 123, 47-66.,
2.
Brody, A.R. & Craighead, J.E. (1975). Cytoplasmic inclusions in pulmonary macrophages of cigarette smokers. Lab. Investig. , 32, 125 -132.
3.
Clements, J.A. (1972). Smoking and pulmonary surfactant. New Eng. J. Med., 286, 261-262.
4.
Daughaday, C.C. & Douglas, S.D. (1976). Membrane receptors on rabbit and human pulmonary alveolar macrophages. J. Reticuloendothel. Soc., 19, 37-45.
5.
Davies, P., Sornberger, C. & Huber, G.L. (1977). The stereology of pulmonary alveolar macrophages after prolonged experimental exposure to tobacco smoke. Lab. Investig., 37, 297-306.
6.
Finley, T.N. & Ladman, A.J. (1972). Low yield of pulmonary surfactant in cigarette smokers. New Eng. J. Med., 286, 223-227.
7.
Harris, J.O., Swensen, E. & Johnson, J.E. (1970). Human alveolar macrophages: Comparison of phagocytic ability, glucose utilisation and ultrastructure in smokers and non-smokers . J. Clin. Investig., 49, 2086-2097.
8.
Hayhoe, F.G.J., Flemans, R.J. (1969). An atlas of haematological cytology. London, Wolfe Publications, pp. 316-317.
9.
Higgy, K.E., Burns, G.F. & Hayhoe, F.G.J. (1977). Discrimination of B, T and null lymphocytes by esterase cytochemistry. Scand. J. Haematol., 18, 437-448.
10.
Hocking, W.G. & Golde, D.W. (1979). The pulmonary macrophage. New Eng. J. Med., 301, 580-587: 639-645.
11.
IndependentScientific Committee of Smoking and Health: Second Report. (1979). HMSO.
12.
Li, C.Y., Yam, L.T. & Lam, K.W. (1970). Studies of acid phosphatase isoenzymes in human leucocytes: demonstration of isoenzyme cell specificity. J. Histochem. Cytochem., 18, 901-910.
13.
Moore, V.L. & Myrvik, Q.N. (1977). The role of normal alveolar macrophages in cell-mediated immunity. J. Reticuloendothel. Soc., 21,131-139.
14.
Nicholls, B.A. (1976). Normal rabbit alveolar macrophages I. The phagocytosis of tubular myelin. J. Exp. Med., 144, 906-919.
15.
Plowman, P.N. (1980). Human pulmonary macrophages and studies in human bronchial carcinoma. Cambridge University M.D. Thesis.
16.
Plowman, P.N. (1981). The possible significance of alveolar macrophages in the response of the lower respiratory tract and lung to inhaled tobacco smoke. U.K. Tobacco Advisory Council Monograph.
17.
Plowman, P.N. & Flemans, R.J. (1980). Human pulmonary macrophages: the relationship of smoking to the presence of sea blue granules and surfactant turnover. J. Clin. Path., 33, 738-743.
18.
Reynolds, H.Y. & Newball, H.H. (1976). Fluid and cellular milieu of the human respiratory tract. pp.3-27. In Immunological and Infectious Reactions in the Lungs. Eds Kirkpatrick and Reynolds, New York, Marcel Dekker.
19.
Rhodes, J. (1975). Macrophage heterogeneity in receptor activity: The activation of macrophage Fc receptor function in vivo and in vitro. J. Immunol., 114, 976-981.
20.
Rice, S.G. & Fishman, M. (1974). Functional and morphological heterogeneity among rabbit peritoneal macrophages. Cell. Immunol., 11, 130-145.
21.
Warr, G.A. & Martin, R.R. (1977). Immune receptors of human alveolar macrophages: Comparison between cigarette smokers and non-smokers. J. Reticuloendothel. Soc., 22, 181-187.
22.
Zembala, M. & Asherson, G.L. (1970). The rapid purification of peritoneal exudate macrophages by Ficoll (polysucrose) density gradient centrifugation. Immunology, 19, 677-681.
