Diallyl sulfide inhibits murine WEHI-3 leukemia cells in BALB/c mice in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

It is well documented that enhanced garlic (Allium sativum) consumption leads to decrease in the cancer incidences. Diallyl sulfide (DAS), one of the components of garlic, induces cytotoxicity and apoptosis in many cancer cell lines. The present studies are focused on the in vivo effects of DAS on leukemia WEHI-3 cells in the BALB/c mice. We examined the effects of DAS on the cytotoxicity of WEHI-3 cells and results indicated that DAS decreased the percentage of viable WEHI-3 cells and these effects are dose-dependent. We examined the effects of DAS on WEHI-3 in vivo and the results indicated that DAS decreased the percentage of Mac-3 and CD11b, indicating that the differentiation of the precursor of macrophage cells was inhibited. DAS stimulated the percentage of CD3 and CD19, indicating that the differentiation of the precursor of T and B cells promoted. The weights of liver and spleen indicated that DAS decreased the weight of these organs after being compared to the control groups. One of the major characteristic of WEHI-3 leukemia is the enlarged spleen in murine after intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of WEHI-3 cells. In conclusion, DAS affects WEHI-3 cells both in vitro and in vivo.

Keywords

Diallyl sulfide WEHI-3 cells leukemia murine model in vivo

References

WargovichMJ , Imada O. , Stephens LC Initiationandpost-initiation chemopreventive effects of diallyl sulfide in esophageal carcinogenesis. Cancer Lett 1992 ; 64: 39-42.

Prasad S. , Kalra N. , Shukla Y. Modulatory effects of diallyl sulfide against testosterone-induced oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice. Asian J Androl 2006; 8: 719-723.

Song K. , Milner JA Heating garlic inhibits its ability to suppress 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced DNA adduct formation in rat mammary tissue. J Nutr 1999; 129: 657-661.

Singh A. , Arora A. , Shukla Y. Modulation of altered hepatic foci induction by diallyl sulphide in Wistar rats. Eur J Cancer Prev 2004; 13: 263-269.

Kalra N. , Arora A. , Shukla Y. Involvement of multiple signaling pathways in diallyl sulfide mediated apoptosis in mouse skin tumors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2006; 7: 556-562.

Arora A. , Siddiqui IA , Shukla Y. Modulation of p53 in 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-induced skin tumors by diallyl sulfide in Swiss albino mice. Mol Cancer Ther 2004; 3: 1459-1466.

Arora A. , Shukla Y. Induction of apoptosis by diallyl sulfide in DMBA-induced mouse skin tumors . Nutr Cancer 2002; 44: 89-94.

Sriram N. , Kalayarasan S. , Ashokkumar P. , Sureshkumar A. , Sudhandiran G. Diallyl sulfide induces apoptosis in Colo 320 DM human colon cancer cells: involvement of caspase-3, NF-kappaB, and ERK-2. Mol Cell Biochem 2008; 311: 157-165.

Taghian AG , Suit HD Animal systems for translational research in radiation oncology. Acta Oncol 1999; 38: 829-838.

10.

Kimura Y. New anticancer agents: in vitro and in vivo evaluation of the antitumor and antimetastatic actions of various compounds isolated from medicinal plants . In Vivo 2005; 19: 37-60.

11.

Hsu SC , Kuo CL , Lin JP , et al. Crude extracts of Euchresta formosana radix inhibit invasion and migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Anticancer Res 2007; 27: 2377-2384.

12.

Yang JS , Kok LF , Lin YH , et al. Diallyl disulfide inhibits WEHI-3 leukemia cells in vivo. Anticancer Res 2006; 26: 219-225.

13.

Loken MR , Green CI , Wells DA Immunofluorescence of surface markers. In: Ormerod MG (ed.) Flow cytometry: a practical approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, p.61-82.

14.

Arora A. , Seth K. , Shukla Y. Reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance by diallyl sulfide in K562 leukemic cells and in mouse liver. Carcinogenesis 2004; 25: 941-949.

15.

Park EK , Kwon KB , Park KI , Park BH , Jhee EC Role of Ca(2+) in diallyl disulfide-induced apoptotic cell death of HCT-15 cells. Exp Mol Med 2002; 34: 250-257.

16.

Astashkin EI , Til’kunova NA , Zalepugin DY , Grachev SV Diallyl sulfide depletes the inositol trisphosphatesensitive intracellular Ca2+ stores and activates SOC-channels in HL-60 human cells. Dokl Biol Sci 2004; 399: 500-502.

17.

Warner NL , Moore MA , Metcalf D. A transplantable myelomonocytic leukemia in BALB-c mice: cytology, karyotype, and muramidase content. J Natl Cancer Inst 1969; 43: 963-982.

18.

He Q. , Na X. The effects and mechanisms of a novel 2-aminosteroid on murine WEHI-3B leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. Leuk Res 2001; 25: 455-461.

19.

Gamba-Vitalo C. , Blair OC , Keyes SR , Sartorelli AC Differentiation of WEHI-3B D+ monomyelocytic leukemia cells by retinoic acid and aclacinomycin A. Cancer Res 1986; 46: 1189-1194.

20.

Burgess AW , Metcalf D. Characterization of a serum factor stimulating the differentiation of myelomonocytic leukemic cells. Int J Cancer 1980; 26: 647-654.

21.

Metcalf D. Actions and interactions of G-CSF, LIF, and IL-6 on normal and leukemic murine cells. Leukemia 1989; 3: 349-355.

22.

Li J. , Sartorelli AC Synergistic induction of the differentiation of WEHI-3B D+ myelomonocytic leukemia cells by retinoic acid and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor . Leuk Res 1992; 16: 571-576.