Holocene vegetation and environmental reconstructions from swamp deposits in the Dargaville region of the North Island,New Zealand: implications for the history of kauri (Agathis australis)
Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online June, 2009
Holocene vegetation and environmental reconstructions from swamp deposits in the Dargaville region of the North Island,New Zealand: implications for the history of kauri (Agathis australis)
Multiproxy analysis of two swamps, representative of numerous sites in the Dargaville area, provide a Holocene record of a transition from flooded marine valleys to freshwater swamp-forests. Dendrochronology of subfossil wood from these and other associated sites provide a record of kauri ( Agathis) growth and demise over 3600 calendar years. A discrepancy between the abundance of kauri pollen and the timing of maximum kauri forest development, as revealed by dendrochronology, suggests that kauri pollen abundance at our sites is determined by the wetness of the substrate rather than by proximity of source trees. This finding has implications for the palaeoclimatic interpretation of late Quaternary Agathis pollen curves. Kauri has been present in the Dargaville area for more than 7000 14C yr BP with suitable conditions for the preservation of wood leading to an apparent expansion in Agathis population after ~3600 cal. yr BP rather than representing a southerly migration of this species.
Baillie, M.G.L. and Pilcher, J.1973: A simple crossdating program for tree-ring research. Tree-Ring Bulletin33, 7-14.
2.
Boswijk, G.2004a: Tree-ring analysis of a buried kauri (Agathis australis) tree from Hoanga road, near Dargaville and Pouto, north Kaipara Peninsula . School of Geography and Environmental Science Working Paper 24, University of Auckland.
3.
-- 2004b: Tree-ring analysis of a buried kauri (Agathis australis) tree from Tikinui, north Kaipara Peninsula. School of Geography and Environmental Science Working Paper 21, University of Auckland.
4.
-- 2005a: Tree-ring analysis of sub-fossil kauri (Agathis australis) from near Maitahi Road, Dargaville, Northland. School of Geography and Environmental Science Working Paper 28, University of Auckland.
5.
-- 2005b: Tree-ring analysis of sub-fossil kauri (Agathis australis) from the Chitty's Farm, Colville Road, Dargaville, Northland. School of Geography and Environmental Science Working Paper 27, University of Auckland.
6.
-- 2005c: Tree-ring analysis of sub-fossil kauri (Agathis australis) tree from the Harding's Farm, Hilliam Road, near Dargaville, Northland. School of Geography and Environmental Science Working Paper 26, University of Auckland.
7.
Boswijk, G. and Palmer, J.2003: Tree-ring analysis of sub-fossil kauri (Agathis australis) from near Lake Whangape, Huntly West, Waikato. School of Geography and Environmental Science Working Paper 19, University of Auckland.
8.
-- 2004: Tree-ring analysis of sub-fossil kauri (Agathis australis) from Yakas' Farm, Babylon Coast Road, near Dargaville, Northland. Tree-ring laboratory, School of Geography and Environmental Science Working Paper 22 , The University of Auckland, Auckland .
9.
Boswijk, G., Fowler, A., Lorrey, A., Palmer, J. and Ogden, J.2006: Extension of the New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis) chronology to 1724 BC. The Holocene16, 188-99.
10.
Bronk-Ramsey, C.1995: Radiocarbon calibration and analysis of stratigraphy: the OxCal program. Radiocarbon37, 425-30.
11.
Buckley, B., Ogden, J., Palmer, J., Fowler, A. and Salinger, J.2000: Dendroclimatic interpretation of tree-rings in Agathis australis (kauri). 1. Climate correlation functions and master chronology . Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand30, 263-76.
12.
Clark, R.L.1982: Point count estimation of charcoal in pollen preparations and thin sections. Pollen et Spores24, 523-35.
13.
Clarke, K.R.1993: Non-parametric multivariate analyses of changes in community structure. Australian Journal of Ecology18, 117-43.
14.
Deng, Y., Ogden, J., Horrocks, M. and Anderson, S.2006: Application of palynology to describe vegetation succession in estuarine wetlands on Great Barrier Island, northern New Zealand. Journal of Vegetation Science17, 765-86.
15.
Denys, L.1991: A check list of the diatoms in the Holocene deposits of the western Belgian coastal plain with a survey of their apparent ecological requirements. Professional Paper Belgische Geologische Dienst246, 1-41.
16.
Elliot, M.B.1999: Modern pollen-vegetation relationships in Northland, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany37, 131-48.
17.
Fowler, A.2008: ENSO history recorded in Agathis australis (kauri) tree rings. Part B: 423 years of ENSO robustness. International Journal of Climatology28, 21-35.
18.
Fowler, A., Boswijk, G. and Bridge, M.2001: Tree-ring analysis of sub-fossil kauri (Agathis australis) from Pukekapia Road, Waikato. Department of Geography Working Paper 16, University of Auckland.
19.
Fowler, A., Boswijk, G., Gergis, J. and Lorrey, A.2008: ENSO history recorded in Agathis australis (kauri) tree rings. Part A: kauri's potential as an ENSO proxy. International Journal of Climatology28, 1-20.
20.
Fowler, A., Palmer, J., Salinger, J. and Ogden, J.2000: Dendroclimatic interpretation of tree-rings in Agathis australis (kauri): 2. Evidence of a significant relationship with ENSO. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand30, 277-92.
21.
Gibb, J.G.1986: A New Zealand regional Holocene eustatic sea-level curve and its application to determination of vertical tectonic movements. Royal Society of New Zealand Bulletin24, 377-95.
22.
Grimm, E.C.1987: CONISS: a FORTRAN 77 program for stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis by the method of incremental sum of squares. Computers and Geosciences13, 13-35.
23.
Grindley, G.W., Harrington, H.J. and Wood, B.L.1961: The geological map of New Zealand. N.Z. Geological Survey Bulletin n.s. 66, Government Printer.
24.
Hill, R. and Read, J.1991: A revised infrageneric classification of Nothofagus (Nothofagaceae) . Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society105, 37-72.
25.
Hogg, A.G., Higham, T.F.G., Lowe, D.J., Palmer, J.G., Reimer, P.J. and Newnham, R.M.2003: A wiggle-match date for Polynesian settlement of New Zealand . Antiquity77, 116-25.
26.
Hogg, A.G., Fifield, L.K., Turney, C.S.M., Palmer, J., Galbraith, R., and Baillie, M.G.K.2006: Dating ancient wood by high sensitivity liquid scintillation counting and accelerator mass spectrometry -- pushing the boundaries. Quaternary Geochronology1, 237-40.
27.
Hogg, A.G., Fifield, L.K., Palmer, J., Turney, C.S.M., Galbraith, R., and Robertson, S.2007: Robust radiocarbon dating of wood samples by high sensitivity liquid scintillation spectroscopy in the 50-70 ka age range. Radiocarbon49, 379-91.
28.
Johnson, P. and Brooke, P.1989: Wetland plants in New Zealand. DSIR Publishing.
29.
Lorrey, A. and Martin, T.J.2005: Use of modern tree-fall patterns as a guideline for interpreting prostrate trees at a pre-Last Glacial Maximum paleoforest site, upper North Island, New Zealand. Journal of Geophysical Research - Biogeosciences110, G2, G02012, 1-7.
30.
Lorrey, A. and Ogden, J.2005: Tree-ring analysis of sub-fossil kauri (Agathis australis) from Omaha Flats, Tawharunui Peninsula, New Zealand. New Zealand Tree-ring Site Report 22 School of Geography and Environmental Science working paper 32.
31.
Lorrey, A., Palmer, J., Hogg, A.G. and Turney, C.2005: Tree-ring analysis of sub-fossil kauri (Agathis australis) from Black Swamp Road, Mangawhai, New Zealand. New Zealand Tree-ring Site Report 23 School of Geography and Environmental Science working paper 33.
32.
MacDonald, C.1984: The ecology of Nothofagus truncata in northern New Zealand. Unpublished MSc thesis, Auckland University.
33.
McCormac, F.G., Hogg, A.G., Blackwell, P.G., Buck, C.E., Higham, T.F.G. and Reimer, P.J.2004: SHCAL04 southern hemisphere calibration 0-11 cal kyr BP . Radiocarbon46, 1087-92.
34.
McGlone, M.S. and Wilmshurst, J.M.1999: Dating initial Maori environmental impact in New Zealand. Quaternary International59, 5-16.
35.
Meterological Service of New Zealand 2008: metservice.co.nz. http://test.metservice.com/default/index.php?pkey=190512&ckey=19 2937
36.
Mildenhall, D.C.1985: Quaternary palynology: North Kaipara Barrier. In Richardson, R.J.H., editor, Quaternary geology of the North Kaipara Barrier, Northland, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics (Appendix 1)28, 121-27.
37.
Moar, N.T. and Wilmshurst, J.M.2003: A key to the pollen of New Zealand Cyperaceae. New Zealand Journal of Botany41, 325-34.
38.
Moore, P.D., Webb, J.A. and Collinson, M.E.1991: Pollen analysis. Blackwell Scientific Publications.
39.
Munro, M.A.R.1984: An improved algorithm for crossdating tree-ring series . Tree-Ring Bulletin44, 17-27.
40.
Newnham, R.M., Lowe, D.J., Green, J.D., Turner, G.M., Harper, M.A., McGlone, M.S., Stout, S.L., Horie, S. and Froggatt, P.C.2004: A discontinuous ca. 80 ka record of Late Quaternary environmental change from Lake Omapere, Northland, New Zealand. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology207, 165-98.
41.
Ogden, J. and Stewart, G.H.1995: Community dynamics of the New Zealand conifers. In Enright, N.J. and Hill, R., editors, Ecology of the southern conifers. Melbourne University Press, 81-119.
42.
Ogden, J., Wilson, A., Hendy, C., Hogg, A.G. and Newnham, R.M.1992: The late Quaternary history of kauri (Agathis australis) in New-Zealand and its climatic significance. Journal of Biogeography19, 611-22.
43.
Ogden, J., Deng, Y., Horrocks, M., Nichol, S.L. and Anderson, S.2006: Sequential impacts of Polynesian and European settlement on vegetation and environmental processes recorded in sediments at Whangapoua Estuary, Great Barrier Island, New Zealand. Regional Environmental Change6, 25-40.
44.
Palmer, J., Lorrey, A., Turney, C.S.M., Hogg, A.G., Ballie, M.G.L., Fifield, L.K. and Ogden, J.2006: Extension of New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis) tree-ring chronologies into Oxygen Isotope Stage (OIS) 3. Journal of Quaternary Science21, 779-87.
45.
Pocknall, D.T.1981a: Pollen morphology of the New Zealand species of Dacrydium Solander, Podocarpus L'Heritier, and Dacrycarpus Endlicher (Podocarpaceae) . New Zealand Journal of Botany19, 67-95.
46.
-- 1981b: Pollen morphology of the New Zealand species of Libocedrus Endlicher (Cupressaceae) and Agathis Salisbury (Araucariaceae). New Zealand Journal of Botany19, 267-72.
47.
Strahler, A.N. and Strahler, A.H.1976: Elements of physical geography. Wiley International.
48.
Striewski, B., Cole, A.O., Flenley, J. and Sutton, D.1996: Date of colonization of Northland part 1, year 3. Unpublished Report, Massey University.
49.
Stuiver, M. and Polach, H.1977: Reporting of C14 data. Radiocarbon19, 355-63.
50.
Sutherland, C.F., Cox, J.E., Taylor, N.H. and Wright, A.C.S.1980a: Soil map of Mangakahia-Dargaville area (sheet P 06/07), North Island, New Zealand. Soil Bureau, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research.
51.
-- 1980b: Soil map of Ruawai-Rototuna area (sheet P 08/09), North Island, New Zealand. Soil Bureau, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research.
52.
Turney, C.S.M., Fifield, L.K., Palmer, J., Hogg, A.G., Ballie, M.G.L., Galbraith, R., Ogden, J., Lorrey, A. and Tims, S.G.2007: Towards a radiocarbon calibration for oxygen isotope stage 3 using New Zealand kauri (Agathis australis). Radiocarbon49, 447-57.
53.
Tyers, I.2004: Dendro for Windows program guide3rd edition. Arcus report 500B.
54.
Van der Werff, A.1958: L'importance de la recherche sur les diatomees pour la paleobotanique. Bulletin de la Societe Botanique du Nord France11, 94-97.
55.
Van der werff, A. and Huls, H.1957-74: Diatomeenflora van Nederland. 8 parts published privately De Hoef.
56.
Wilmshurst, J.M., Eden, D. and Froggatt, P.C.1999: Late Holocene forest disturbance in Gisborne, New Zealand: a comparison of terrestrial and marine pollen records. New Zealand Journal of Botany37, 523-40.
57.
Wilmshurst, J.M., Anderson, A.J., Higham, T.F.G. and Worthy, T.H.2008: Dating the late prehistoric dispersal of Polynesians to New Zealand using the commensal Pacific rat. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences105, 7676-80.
