This article covers the development of the Czech trade union movement after 1989. The emerging leadership aimed to emulate the most successful unions in western Europe. The transformation into a movement emphasizing collective bargaining was generally successful, but membership, bargaining coverage and ability to influence the government declined in the following years. Comparison with developments elsewhere in Europe suggests that this can be attributed to the specific political and economic environment and to the new union movement's origins. Strategic choices during the reconstitution of the trade union movement led to a structure that made it difficult to adapt to changing economic conditions.
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