Despite severe membership losses after the transformation of 1989, trade unions in Central Eastern Europe were slow to develop methods to recruit new members. This article examines how Solidarność in Poland has adopted American organizing approaches, and analyses how an emerging group of young trade union organizers and activists changed the self-understanding of the union. The article ends with a comparative discussion of the conditions which may promote the development of organizing activities in Central Eastern Europe.
Avdagic, S. ( 2003) ‘Accounting for Variations in Trade Union Effectiveness: State-Labor Relations in East Central Europe’, MPIfG Discussion Paper 03/6.
2.
Avdagic, S. ( 2004) ‘Loyalty and Power in Union-Party Alliances. Labor Politics in Postcommunism’, MPIfG Discussion Paper 04/7.
3.
Baumann, Z. ( 1994) ‘After the Patronage State: A Model in Search of Class Interests’, in C. Bryant and E. Mokrzycki (eds) The New Great Transformation? Change and Continuity in East-Central Europe, pp. 14-35. London : Routledge.
4.
Bronfenbrenner, K. and Juravich, T. ( 1998) ‘It Takes More than House Calls: Organizing to Win with a Comprehensive Union-Building Strategy’, in K. Bronfenbrenner et al. (eds) Organizing to Win: New Research on Union Strategies, pp. 19-36. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.
5.
Cbos (2008) Przynależność do związków zawodowych. Warszawa: CBOS.
6.
Clarke, S. ( 2005) ‘Post-socialist Trade Unions: China and Russia’ , Industrial Relations Journal36(1): 2-18.
7.
Deppe, F. and Tatur, M. ( 2001) Rekonstitution und Marginalisierung. Transformationsprozesse und Gewerkschaften in Polen und Ungarn. Frankfurt: Campus.
8.
Fletcher, B. and Hurd, R. ( 1998) ‘Beyond the Organizing Model. The Transformation Process in Local Unions’, in K. Bronfenbrenner et al. (eds) Organizing to Win: New Research on Union Strategies , pp. 37-53. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press.
9.
Frege, C. and Kelly, J. ( 2004) ‘Union Strategies in Comparative Context’ , in C. Frege and J. Kelly (eds) Varieties of Unionism, pp. 31-44. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
10.
Gąciarz, B. and Pańków, W. ( 2001) Dialog społeczny po polsku - fikcja czy szansa . Warszawa: ISP.
11.
Gardawski, J. ( 2001a) Związki zawodowe na rozdrożu. Warszawa: ISP.
12.
Gardawski, J. ( 2001b) Powracająca klasa. Sektor prywatny w III Rzeczpospolitej . Warszawa: IFiS PAN.
13.
Gardawski, J. ( 2009) ‘Związki zawodowe w badaniach z 2007 roku’ , in J. Gardawski. (ed.) Polacy pracujący a kryzys fordyzmu, pp. 551-570. Warszawa: Scholar.
14.
Gardawski, J. et al. (1999) Rozpad bastionu? Związki zawodowe w gospodarce prywatyzowanej. Warszawa: ISP.
15.
Hála, J. ( 2008) ‘Czech Republic: Union Strategies to Recruit New Groups of Workers’, unpublished manuscript.
16.
Heery, E. and Adler, L. ( 2004) ‘Organizing the Unorganized’, in C. Frege and J. Kelly (eds) Varieties of Unionism, pp. 45-70. Oxford : Oxford University Press.
17.
Hürtgen, S. ( 2005) ‘Keine Netze ohne Boden: Kontraktfertigung und gewerkschaftliche Interessenvertretung in der osteuropäischen Elektronikindustrie’ , Internationale Politik und Gesellschaft8(3): 108-26.
18.
Jürgens, U. and Krzywdzinski, M. ( 2007) ‘Zukunft der Arbeitsmodelle in Polen’, WZB Discussion Paper SP III 2007-301.
19.
Kohl, H. and Platzer, H. ( 2004) Arbeitsbeziehungen in Mittelosteuropa. Baden-Baden: Nomos.
20.
Korkut, U. ( 2006) ‘Entrenched Elitism in Trade Unions in Poland and Romania: An Explanation for the Lack of Union Strength and Success?’ , Economic and Industrial Democracy27(1): 67-104.
21.
Krzywdzinski, M. ( 2008) Arbeits- und Sozialpolitik in Polen. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag.
22.
Kubicek, P. ( 2004) Organized Labor in Postcommunist States. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press.
23.
Meardi, G. ( 2000) Trade Union Activists, East and West. Aldershot: Gower.
24.
Meardi, G. ( 2007) ‘Multinationals in the New EU Member States and the Revitalisation of Trade Unions’, Debatte15(2): 177-93.
25.
Mrozowicki, A. and Van Hootegem, G. ( 2008) ‘Unionism and Workers’ Strategies in Capitalist Transformation: The Polish Case Reconsidered’, European Journal of Industrial Relations14(2): 197-216.
26.
Myant, M. ( 2007) ‘Trade Unions in the Czech Republic’, in C. Phelan (ed.) Trade Union Revitalization , pp. 335-46. Bern: Peter Lang.
27.
Neumann, L. ( 2007) ‘The State of Trade Unionism in Hungary’, in C. Phelan (ed.) Trade Union Revitalization , pp. 395-414. Bern: Peter Lang.
28.
Ost, D. ( 2001) ‘The Weakness of Symbolic Strength: Labor and Union Identity in Poland, 1989- 2000’, in S. Crowley and D. Ost (eds) Workers After Workers’ States, pp. 79-96. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
29.
Ost, D. ( 2005) The Defeat of Solidarity: Anger and Politics in Postcommunist Europe. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
30.
Ost, D. and Crowley, S. ( 2001) ‘Conclusion: Making Sense of Labor Weakness in Postcommunism’ , in S. Crowley and D. Ost (eds) Workers After Workers’ States, pp. 219-34. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
31.
Pollert, A. ( 1999) ‘Trade Unionism in Transition in Central and Eastern Europe’, European Journal of Industrial Relations5(2): 209-34.
32.
Pollert, A. ( 2001) ‘Labor and Trade Unions in the Czech Republic, 1989-2000’ , in S. Crowley and D. Ost (eds) Workers After Workers’ States, pp. 13-36. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
33.
Rehder, B. ( 2007) ‘Kampagnenpolitik zwischen Siegen und Los Angeles’ , Die Mitbestimmung53(12): 10-15.
34.
Schmitter, P. and Streeck, W. ( 1985) ‘Community, Market, State - and Associations? The Prospective Contribution of Interest Governance to Social Order’, in P. Schmitter and W. Streeck (eds) Private Interest Government, pp. 1-29. London : SAGE.
35.
Stanojević, M. ( 2007) ‘Trade Unions in Slovenia’, in C. Phelan (ed.) Trade Union Revitalization , pp. 347-62. Bern: Peter Lang.
36.
Wenzel, M. ( 2009) ‘Związki zawodowe w badaniach CBOS 1980-2008’ , in J. Gardawski (ed.) Polacy pracujący a kryzys fordyzmu, pp. 533-50. Warszawa: Scholar.
