This article examines the impact of Europeanization on cooperation between major
interest groups and the state in national policymaking. Its theoretical innovation
centres on two issues: (1) a classification of cooperation by management, labour,
and the state in public policy-making and (2) a differentiation of levels of
Europeanization in the Member States. The empirical material highlights the
implementation of six EU Directives in four smaller states: Austria, Denmark,
Luxembourg, and Sweden. A moderate trend towards convergence is discovered, caused
mainly by forced adaptation of the most extreme model of corporatism.
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