This article summarizes the findings of an explorative research project commissioned by the European Commission's Third Poverty Programme, on inefficiencies and undesired side-effects of targeted labour market policies. These 'pitfalls and dilemmas' are discussed in relation to three types of socioeconomic effects that are expected from these polices:
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Aarkrog, V. et al. (1991) UTB Uddannelsestilbud for langtidsledige (UTB. Training courses for long-term unemployed persons), Copenhagen, DanmarksLærerhøjskole & Udviklingscenter for folkeoplysning og voksenundervisning.
2.
Ameels, J.-Ch., Lopez-Novella, M. and Van der Linden, B. (1994) Apport d'une enquête aupres de firmes à la definition de politiques favorisant l'embauche des groupes concernes par l'objectif 3, IRES, Catholic University of Louvain, 41 pp.
3.
Andersen, B.R. (1992) Economic mutations and social exclusion: employment strategies in G. Abou-Sada (ed.) Partenaires sociaux et exclusion sociale, Commission of the European Communities-Directorate general employment, industrial relations and social affairs.
4.
Bassi, L. and Ashenfelter, O. (1986) The effect of direct job creation and training program on low-skilled workers, in: S. Danzigers and D. Weinberg, eds, Fighting poverty: what works and what does not , Harvard University Press: pp. 133-51.
5.
Bellman, L. and Lehmann, H. (1990) Active labour market policies in Britain and Germany and long-term unemployment: an evaluation, Paper for the EALE Conference, Lund.
6.
Bollens, J. and Nicaise, I. (1994) Medium-term effects of training on unemployment and employment duration: evidence from Flanders (Belgium), Paper for the EALE-Conference, Warschau.
7.
Burtless, G. (1985) Are targeted wage subsidies harmful ? Evidence from a wage voucher experiment, Industrial and Labor Relations Review39(1), October: 104-18.
8.
Bushell, R. (1986) Evaluation of the Young Workers' Scheme, Employinent Gazette, May 1986.
9.
de Koning, J., Gravesteijn-Ligthelm, J., 'T Hoen, N. and Verkaik, A. (1992) Werke de KRA?, Arbeidsvoorziening , Rijswijk.
10.
Deleeck, H., Huybrechs, J. and Cantillon, B. (1983) Het Matteuseffect. De ongelijke verdeling van de overheidsuitgaven m Belgie, Antwerp, Kluwer.
11.
De Munnik, R. (1992) Recent Evaluation Studies, Part Two , Rijswijk, Employment Service.
12.
Eriksson, T. (1991) The effects of labour market policies on unemployment inflow and outflow rates in Finland, Paper for the EALE-Conference, El Esconal, sept. 1991, 25 pp.
13.
Felstead, A. (1994) Funding Government Training schemes. Mechanisms and Consequences, Leicester, Centre for Labour Market Studies.
14.
Financial Times 7 February 1993.
15.
Guardian 1 June 1994.
16.
Holderbeke, F. (1994) Conjunctuur en Arbeidsmarktindicatoren, Werkgelegenhetd - Arbeid - Vorming (Nieuwsbrief Steunpunt WA V), 1994(1): 37-46.
17.
Jensen, P., Pedersen, P., Smith, N. and Westergard-Nielsen, N. (1992) Measuring the Effects of Labour Market Programmes, EALE-Conference, Warwick.
18.
Lawlor, J. and Kennedy, C. (1992) Measures of unemployment ; the claimant count and the labour force survey, in Employment Gazette, London, Employment Department.
19.
Layard, R., Nickel, S. and Jackman, R. (1991) Unemployment, Macroeconomic Performance and the Labour Market, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 618 pp.
20.
Nicaise, I. et al. (1995) Groupes faibles face au marché du travail: point de mire du Fonds Social Europeen. Evaluation finale du Cadre communautaire d'appui belge 1990-1992 relatif aux objectifs 3 et 4 , HIVA.
21.
Nicaise, I., Bollens, J., Dawes, L., Laghaei, S., Thaulow, I., Verdié, M. and Wagner, A. (1995) Labour Market Programmes for the Poor in Europe: Pitfalls and Dilemmas - and How to Avoid Them, Aldershot, Avebury.
22.
Oecd (1993) Active labour market policies: assessing macroeconimic and microeconomic effects, in Employment Outlook, (chapter 2).
23.
PACEC (P.A. Cambridge Economic Consultants) ( 1992) An Evaluation of the Government's Inner Cities Task Force Initiatives, Ministry of Environment.
24.
Pedersen, P.J. and Westergård-Nielsen, N. (1993) Unemployment: a review of the evidence from panel data, OECD Econ. Studies, no. 20, Spring1993.
25.
Sibille, H. and Verdié, M. (1992) Les action d'insertion et de formation: la formation est-elle la juste résponse aux chômage de longue durée? in Le Chômage de longue duree, Editions Syros.
26.
Thaulow, I. and Anker, N. (1992) Hvordan vtrker indsatsenfor de ledige? (How do employment measures work? Evaluation of the Danish Job Offer scheme), Copenhagen, Danish National Institute of Social Research , Report 93:1.
27.
Vanhuysse, J. and Henkes, P. (1992) Werken aan werk. Flexibele arbeidsmodellen voor de armsten (Working for work. Flexible labour models for the poorest), Brussels, Fondation Roi Baudoin, 120 pp.
28.
Van de Velde, V. (1990) Wat na de sociale tewerkstelling? (What happens after social employment?), Louvain, HIV.
29.
Westergård-Nielsen, N. (1993) Effects of training: a fixed-effect model, in Measuring Labour Market Measures. Evaluating the Effects of Active Labour Market Policy Initiatives, Danish Ministry of Labour , pp. 167-99.
30.
White, M., and McRae, S. (1989) Young Adults and Long-Term Unemployment , Policy Studies Institute, London , 289 pp.
31.
Wouters, M., Van Meensel, R. and Nicaise, I. (1994) De TOK-projecten en hun curisten, drie jaar later. Follow-up onderzoek van de projecten van 1989. TOK-projects for labour market reintegration of MIG-beneficiaries, three years later A follow-up study of the projects from 1989), Louvain, HIVA, 71 pp.
32.
Wood, D. and Hamilton, L. (1989) People on Jobstart. Social and Community Planning Research.
