Restricted accessResearch articleFirst published online 2024
Development and comprehensive analyses of a hybrid solar–geothermal driven polygeneration system: Thermodynamic,exergoeconomic,and emergoenvironmental aspects
The present research proposed an innovative polygeneration system that uses solar, geothermal, and natural gas energy to produce power, heat, steam, and freshwater. The system consists of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, an organic Rankine cycle, and a multi-effect thermal desalination system. The study included thermodynamic, exergy, exergoeconomic, exergoenvironmental, emergy-based exergoeconomic, and emergy-based exergoenvironmental factors in its comprehensive evaluation of the system. Results underscored the financial aspect of the organic Rankine cycle and cogeneration system, incurring costs of 0.4518 $/s and 1.054 $/s respectively, while also highlighting the system's capability to produce 6 kg/s of freshwater. The environmental impact rates were quantified for the organic Rankine cycle and cogeneration system at 0.1417 and 0.4814 pts/s respectively, situating the system within its ecological context. Further, the study detailed the total efficiency and net power output of the organic Rankine cycle and cogeneration system, ranging between 32.45–33.51% and 43.25–45.83% for efficiency, and 56956–56322 kW and 50174–51898 kW for net power output respectively, showcasing the system's operational capacity. A parametric analysis was also integral to the study, examining the impact of key parameters on the functionality of the proposed system, thereby providing a nuanced understanding of the system's performance under varying operational scenarios.
Khoshgoftar ManeshMH, et al.Integration of a combined cycle power plant with MED-RO desalination based on conventional and advanced exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental analyses. Processes2020; 9: 59.
2.
ChitsazAHaghghiMAHosseinpourJ. Thermodynamic and exergoeconomic analyses of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system and the feasibility evaluation of integrating with a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer (PEME). Energy Convers Manage2019; 186: 487–499.
3.
VojdaniMFakhariIAhmadiP. A novel triple pressure HRSG integrated with MED/SOFC/GT for cogeneration of electricity and freshwater: techno-economic-environmental assessment, and multi-objective optimization. Energy Convers Manage2021; 233: 113876.
4.
GholamianEHanafizadehPAhmadiP. Exergo-economic analysis of a hybrid anode and cathode recycling SOFC/Stirling engine for aviation applications. Int J Sustainable Aviat2018; 4: 11–30.
5.
ChangizianS, et al.Performance optimization of hybrid hydrogen fuel cell-electric vehicles in real driving cycles. Int J Hydrogen Energy2020; 45: 35180–35197.
6.
WangJ, et al.Energy, exergy, exergoeconomic and environmental (4E) analysis of a distributed generation solar-assisted CCHP (combined cooling, heating and power) gas turbine system. Energy2019; 175: 1246–1258.
7.
GhorbaniB, et al.Introducing a hybrid renewable energy system for production of power and fresh water using parabolic trough solar collectors and LNG cold energy recovery. Renewable Energy2020; 148: 1227–1243.
8.
GhorbaniBMehrpooyaMMousaviSA. Hybrid molten carbonate fuel cell power plant and multiple-effect desalination system. J Cleaner Prod2019; 220: 1039–1051.
9.
MahmoudanA, et al.A geothermal and solar-based multigeneration system integrated with a TEG unit: development, 3E analyses, and multi-objective optimization. Appl Energy2022; 308: 118399.
10.
ShakouriMGhadamianHSheikholeslamiR. Optimal model for multi effect desalination system integrated with gas turbine. Desalination2010; 260: 254–263.
11.
MistryKH, et al.Entropy generation analysis of desalination technologies. Entropy2011; 13: 1829–1864.
12.
YilmazF. An innovative study on a geothermal based multigeneration plant with transcritical CO2 cycle: thermodynamic evaluation and multi-objective optimization. Process Saf Environ Prot2024; 185: 127–142.
13.
YilmazFOzturkMSelbasR. Thermodynamic and exergoenvironmental assessment of an innovative geothermal energy assisted multigeneration plant combined with recompression supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle for the production of cleaner products. Int J Hydrogen Energy2023; 75: 24–37.
14.
JavidmehrMJodaFMohammadiA. Thermodynamic and economic analyses and optimization of a multi-generation system composed by a compressed air storage, solar dish collector, micro gas turbine, organic Rankine cycle, and desalination system. Energy Convers Manage2018; 168: 467–481.
15.
BarelliL, et al.An energetic–exergetic analysis of a residential CHP system based on PEM fuel cell. Appl Energy2011; 88: 4334–4342.
16.
SohaniA, et al.Dynamic multi-objective optimization applied to a solar-geothermal multi-generation system for hydrogen production, desalination, and energy storage. Int J Hydrogen Energy2022; 47: 31730–31741.
17.
HasaniMR, et al.Thermo-economic appraisal and operating fluid selection of geothermal-driven ORC configurations integrated with PEM electrolyzer. Energy2023; 262: 125550.
18.
FanL, et al.MW Cogenerated proton exchange membrane fuel cell combined heat and power system design for eco-neighborhoods in North China. Int J Hydrogen Energy2022; 47: 4033–4046.
19.
OdumHT. Environmental accounting, emergy and environmental decision making. John Wiley & Sons, 1996.
20.
RahbariHRMandøMArabkoohsarA. A review study of various high-temperature thermodynamic cycles for multigeneration applications. Sustainable Energy Technol Assess2023; 57: 103286.
21.
HashemianNNoorpoorA. A geothermal-biomass powered multi-generation plant with freshwater and hydrogen generation options: thermo-economic-environmental appraisals and multi-criteria optimization. Renewable Energy2022; 198: 254–266.
22.
ZhangH, et al.Emergy analysis of organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for waste heat power generation. J Cleaner Prod2018; 183: 1207–1215.
23.
BrownMTUlgiatiS. Emergy evaluations and environmental loading of electricity production systems. J Cleaner Prod2002; 10: 321–334.
24.
ZhangM, et al.Embodied energy and emergy analyses of a concentrating solar power (CSP) system. Energy Policy2012; 42: 232–238.
25.
ShaSHurmeM. Emergy evaluation of combined heat and power plant processes. Appl Therm Eng2012; 43: 67–74.
26.
AghbashloMRosenMA. Consolidating exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental analyses using the emergy concept for better understanding energy conversion systems. J Cleaner Prod2018; 172: 696–708.
27.
LiuJ, et al.Systems integration for global sustainability. Science2015; 347: 1258832.
28.
HashemianNNoorpoorA. Assessment and multi-criteria optimization of a solar and biomass-based multi-generation system: thermodynamic, exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental aspects. Energy Convers Manage2019; 195: 788–797.
29.
CaoY, et al.A novel multi-objective spiral optimization algorithm for an innovative solar/biomass-based multi-generation energy system: 3E analyses, and optimization algorithms comparison. Energy Convers Manage2020; 219: 112961.
30.
HeidarnejadP. Exergy based optimization of a biomass and solar fuelled CCHP hybrid seawater desalination plant. J Therm Eng2017; 3: 1034–1043.
31.
Mitsos A, Eter A, Mitsos A, Eter A, et al.A review of hybrid solar–fossil fuel power generation systems and performance metrics. J SolEnergy Eng2012; 134: 041006-1–041006-17.
32.
HuE, et al.Solar thermal aided power generation. Appl Energy2010; 87: 2881–2885.
33.
GhasemiH, et al.Hybrid solar–geothermal power generation: optimal retrofitting. Appl Energy2014; 131: 158–170.
34.
BejanATsatsaronisGMoranM. Thermal Design and Optimization. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Inc, 1996.
35.
AhmadiMH, et al.Thermodynamic analysis and optimization of a waste heat recovery system for proton exchange membrane fuel cell using transcritical carbon dioxide cycle and cold energy of liquefied natural gas. J Nat Gas Sci Eng2016; 34: 428–438.
36.
HashemianNNoorpoorA. Optimization and multi-aspect evaluation of a solar/biomass-powered multi-generation plant with an integrated thermoelectric generator unit. Sustainable Energy Technol Assess2023; 56: 102998.
37.
Nourpour M, Khoshgoftar Manesh MH, Pirozfar A, et al.Exergy, exergoeconomic, exergoenvironmental, emergy-based assessment and advanced exergy-based analysis of an integrated solar combined cycle power plant. Energy Environ2021; 34: 0958305X211063558.
38.
GhasemiH, et al.Modeling and optimization of a binary geothermal power plant. Energy2013; 50: 412–428.
39.
SaidurR, et al.Exergy analysis of solar energy applications. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev2012; 16: 350–356.
40.
LozanoMValeroA. Theory of the exergetic cost. Energy1993; 18: 939–960.
41.
HashemianNNoorpoorAHeidarnejadP. Thermodynamic diagnosis of a novel solar-biomass based multi-generation system including potable water and hydrogen production. Energy Equip Syst2019; 7: 81–98.
42.
MistryKHAntarMALienhard VJH. An improved model for multiple effect distillation. Desalin Water Treat2013; 51: 807–821.
43.
ForristallR. Heat Transfer Analysis and Modeling of a Parabolic Trough Solar Receiver Implemented in Engineering Equation Solver. Golden, CO.(US): National Renewable Energy Lab., 2003.
44.
BejanATsatsaronisGMoranMJ. Thermal Design and Optimization. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1995.
45.
ShiraziA, et al.Thermal–economic–environmental analysis and multi-objective optimization of an internal-reforming solid oxide fuel cell–gas turbine hybrid system. Int J Hydrogen Energy2012; 37: 19111–19124.
46.
CavalcantiEJC. Exergoeconomic and exergoenvironmental analyses of an integrated solar combined cycle system. Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev2017; 67: 507–519.
47.
ElsafiAM. Exergy and exergoeconomic analysis of sustainable direct steam generation solar power plants. Energy Convers Manage2015; 103: 338–347.
48.
Khoshgoftar ManeshMAmidpourMHamediM. Optimization of the coupling of pressurized water nuclear reactors and multistage flash desalination plant by evolutionary algorithms and thermoeconomic method. Int J Energy Res2009; 33: 77–99.
49.
BonyadiNJohnsonEBakerD. Technoeconomic and exergy analysis of a solar geothermal hybrid electric power plant using a novel combined cycle. Energy Convers Manage2018; 156: 542–554.
50.
NamiHMahmoudiSNematiA. Exergy, economic and environmental impact assessment and optimization of a novel cogeneration system including a gas turbine, a supercritical CO2 and an organic Rankine cycle (GT-HRSG/SCO2). Appl Therm Eng2017; 110: 1315–1330.
51.
ManeshMHKGhorbaniSBlanco-MarigortaAM. Optimal design and analysis of a combined freshwater-power generation system based on integrated solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine-organic Rankine cycle-multi effect distillation system. Appl Therm Eng2022; 211: 118438.
52.
RaluyGSerraLUcheJ. Life cycle assessment of MSF, MED and RO desalination technologies. Energy2006; 31: 2361–2372.
53.
BastianoniS, et al.Emergy as a function of exergy. Energy2007; 32: 1158–1162.
54.
AghbashloMRosenMA. Exergoeconoenvironmental analysis as a new concept for developing thermodynamically, economically, and environmentally sound energy conversion systems. J Cleaner Prod2018; 187: 190–204.
55.
KeshvarparastAAjarostaghiSSMDelavarMA. Thermodynamic analysis the performance of hybrid solar-geothermal power plant equipped with air-cooled condenser. Appl Therm Eng2020; 172: 115160.
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
