This study harnesses structural topic modeling and expert surveys to delve into the expanding influence of artificial intelligence (AI) within the energy sector, analyzing around 6000 academic paper abstracts from 2011 to 2020. Our detailed examination identified 100 distinct topics, of which 15, accounting for a combined proportion of 16.4% of the total, were directly related to energy, highlighting key areas such as power consumption, thermal energy management, wind energy evaluation, and building energy management. Furthermore, an expert survey offered deep insights into future changes, spotlighting AI's role in enhancing safety, stability, efficiency, and environmental sustainability of energy systems. It also pinpointed challenges in AI adoption within the sector, proposing pathways to bolster AI reliability, improve data quality, and enhance human–AI collaboration. This comprehensive analysis not only highlights the dynamic role of AI in transforming the energy sector but also sets a foundational framework for future interdisciplinary research, aiming to integrate quantitative and qualitative insights for a holistic understanding of AI's potential in sustainable energy development.
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