Phase change materials can provide large heat storage density with low volume. But their low thermal conductivity limits their heat transfer capabilities. Since carbonaceous nanoparticles have a good thermal conductivity they can be applied as an additive to phase change materials to increase their heat transfer rate. In this study, nano-graphite is used as an additive and the influences of its various concentrations on the thermal conductivity and melting and freezing rate for the nanoparticle-enhanced phase change materials is experimentally investigated. Experimental results indicates a reduction of 22% in melting time and a reduction of 75% in solidification time of 0.5% nano-graphite-embedded phase change material.
AraújoK. The emerging field of energy transitions: progress, challenges, and opportunities. Energ Res Soc Sci2014; 1: 112–121.
2.
KaygusuzK. Energy for sustainable development: a case of developing countries. Renew Sustain Energ Rev2012; 16: 1116–1126.
3.
KaizawaAKamanoHKawaiAet al.Thermal and flow behaviors in heat transportation container using phase change material. Energ Convers Manag2008; 49: 698–706.
4.
KenisarinMMahkamovK. Solar energy storage using phase change materials. Renew Sustain Energ Review2007; 11: 1913–1965.
5.
LiuYDZhouYGTongMWet al.Experimental study of thermal conductivity and phase change performance of nanofluids PCMs. Microfluid Nanofluidics2009; 7: 579–584.
6.
El-SebaiiAAAl-HenitiSAl-AgelFet al.One thousand thermal cycles of magnesium chloride hexahydrate as a promising PCM for indoor solar cooking. Energ Convers Manag2011; 52: 1771–1777.
7.
SharmaATyagiVVChenCRet al.Review on thermal energy storage with phase change materials and applications. Renew Sustain Energ Rev2009; 13: 318–345.
8.
AgyenimF.HewittNEamesPet al.A review of materials, heat transfer and phase change problem formulation for latent heat thermal energy storage systems (LHTESS). Renew Sustain Energ Rev2010; 14: 615–628.
9.
LiYTYanDJGuoYFet al.Studies on magnesium chloride hexahydrate as phase change materials. Appl Mech Mater2011; 71: 2598–2601.
10.
LiGZhangBLiXet al.The preparation, characterization and modification of a new phase change material: CaCl2·6H2O–MgCl2·6H2O eutectic hydrate salt. Sol Energ Mater Sola Cell2014; 126: 51–55.
11.
SenthilRCheralathanM. Effect of the PCM in a solar receiver on thermal performance of parabolic dish collector. Therm Sci2016; 00: 7–7.
12.
FaridMMKhudhairAMRazackSAKet al.A review on phase change energy storage: materials and applications. Energy Convers Manag2004; 45: 1597–1615.
13.
DemirbasMF. Thermal energy storage and phase change materials: an overview. Energ Source B Econ Plann Pol2006; 1: 85–95.
14.
Patnaik P. Handbook of inorganic chemicals. Vol. 529. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2003.
15.
Van Essen VM, Bleijendaal LPJ, Kikkert BWJ, et al. Development of a compact heat storage system based on salt hydrates. In: International conference on solar heating, cooling and buildings, Graz, Austria, 28 September–1 October 2010.
16.
PilarRSvobodaLHoncovaPet al.Study of magnesium chloride hexahydrate as heat storage material. Thermochimica acta2012; 546: 81–86.
17.
LaneGA. Phase change materials for energy storage nucleation to prevent supercooling. Sol Energ Mater Sol Cell1992; 27: 135–160.
18.
ShinDBanerjeeD. Enhanced specific heat of silica nanofluid. J Heat Tran2011; 133: 024501.
19.
ShinDBanerjeeD. Enhancement of specific heat capacity of high-temperature silica-nanofluids synthesized in alkali chloride salt eutectics for solar thermal-energy storage applications. Int J Heat Mass Tran2011; 54: 1064–1070.
20.
ZhouSQNiR. Measurement of the specific heat capacity of water-based Al 2 O 3 nanofluid. Appl Phys Lett2008; 92: 093123.
21.
Yadav A, Barman B, Kumar V, et al. (2016, May). Solar thermal charging properties of graphene oxide embedded myristic acid composites phase change material. In: AIP conference proceedings (eds R Chitra and S Bhattacharya), Vol. 1731, p. 030030. Melville, NY: AIP Publishing.
22.
Yadav A, Barman B, Kumar, V., et al. A review on thermophysical properties of nanoparticle-enhanced phase change materials for thermal energy storage. In: Vinod Kumar Jain, Sunita Rattan, Abhishek Verma (eds) Recent trends in materials and devices. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2017, pp. 37–47.
23.
Chol SUS. Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. ASME-Publications-Fed 1995; 231: 99–106.
24.
KardamANarayananSSBhardwajNet al.Ultrafast thermal charging of inorganic nano-phase change material composites for solar thermal energy storage. RSC Adv2015; 5: 56541–56548.
25.
LiM. A nano-graphite/paraffin phase change material with high thermal conductivity. Appl Energ2013; 106: 25–30.
