AbstractGet full access to this articleView all access options for this article.Get accessReferences1. Burke, K. ( 1984) Attitudes Toward History (3rd ed.). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.2. Gresson, A.D. ( 2005). America’s Atonement: Racial Pain, Recovery Rhetoric, and the Pedagogy of Healing. New York: P. Lang.3. McPhail, M.L. ( 2002). The Rhetoric of Race Revisited: Reparations or Separation? (New ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.