The relation between work and family is a topic of considerable research and analysis across disciplines. Yet, few studies have examined how children are socialized into working family life through routine social interactions with family members. This study integrates the lives of children more fully into the literature through a language socialization approach. It analyzes video-recorded dinnertime conversations among 16 middle class working families in Los Angeles to illuminate how children are apprenticed into discourses and ideologies of work. Children acquire work-related values and expectations, as well as related narrative and analytical skills, through taking part in and overhearing their parents’ conversations about work.
Bourdieu, P. (1977) Outline of a Theory of Practice (R. Nice, trans.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
2.
Bourdieu, P. (1985) ‘The Genesis of the Concepts of Habitus and Field’ , Sociocentrum2(2): 11-24 .
3.
Bruner, J. (2002) Making Stories: Law, Literature, Life. New York: Farrar, Strauss and Giroux .
4.
Cicourel, A. (1973) Cognitive Sociology. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books .
5.
Creed, G. (2000) ‘Family Values and Domestic Economies’ , Annual Review of Anthropology29: 329-355 .
6.
Demuth, K. (1986) ‘Prompting Routines in the Language Socialization of Basoltho Children’, in B. Schieffelin and E. Ochs (eds) Language Socialization Across Cultures, pp. 51-79. New York: Cambridge University Press .
7.
Eisenberg, A. (1986) ‘Teasing: Verbal Play in Two Mexicano Homes’, in B. Schieffelin and E. Ochs (eds) Language Socialization Across Cultures, pp. 182-198. New York: Cambridge University Press .
8.
Fader, A. (2000) ‘Gender, Morality and Language: Socialization Practices in a Hasidic Community’, PhD dissertation, New York University.
9.
Fricke, T. (2000) ‘Cultural Dilemmas in Changing Work and Family Life in the United States’, in E. Appelbaum (ed.) Balancing Acts: Easing the Burden and Improving the Options for Working Families, pp. 37-47. Washington, DC: Economic Policy Institute .
10.
Galinsky, E. (1999) Ask the Children: What America Children Really Think about Working Parents. New York: Morrow .
11.
Garrett, P. (1999) ‘Language Socialization, Convergence, and Shift in St. Lucia, West Indies’, PhD dissertation, New York University.
12.
Garrett, P. and Baquedano-López, P. (2002) ‘Language Socialization: Reproduction and Continuity, Transformation and Change’ , Annual Review of Anthropology31: 339-361 .
13.
Gerstel, N. , Clawson, D. and Zussman, R. (eds) (2002) Families at Work: Expanding the Boundaries. Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press .
14.
Giddens, A. (1979) Central Problems in Social Theory. Berkeley: University of California Press .
15.
Goffman, E. (1959) Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. Garden City, NY: Doubleday .
16.
Goffman, E. (1981) Forms of Talk. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press .
17.
Goodwin, C. (1984) ‘Notes on Story Structure and the Organization of Participation’, in M. Atkinson and J. Hertiage (eds) Structures of Social Action, pp. 225-246. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
18.
Goodwin, C. (1986) ‘Audience Diversity, Participation, and Interpretation’ , Text6: 283-316 .
19.
Goodwin, C. (2002) ‘Situated Temporalities within Intergenerational Conflict’, Working Paper No. 12, UCLA Sloan Center on Everyday Lives of Families .
20.
Goodwin, M.H. (1990) He-Said-She-Said: Talk as Social Organization among Black Children. Bloomington: Indiana University Press .
21.
Goodwin, M.H. (2002) ‘Affect, Participation Structure and Occasioned Knowledge Exploration in Family Interaction’, Working Paper No. 15, UCLA Sloan Center on Everyday Lives of Families .
22.
Heath, S.B. (1982) ‘What No Bedtime Story Means: Narrative Skills at Home and School’ , Language in Society11(2): 49-76 .
23.
Heath, S.B. (1983) Ways with Words: Language, Life, and Work in Communities and Classrooms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
24.
Hertz, R. and Marshall, N.L. (eds) (2001) Working Families: The Transformation of the American Home. Los Angeles: University of California Press .
25.
Hirschfeld, L. (2002) ‘Why Don’t Anthropologists Like Children?’ , American Anthropologist104: 611-627 .
26.
Hochschild, A.R. (1989) The Second Shift: Working Parents and the Revolution at Home. New York: Viking .
27.
Hochschild, A.R. (1997) The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work. New York: Metropolitan Books .
28.
Hymes, D. (1971) On Communicative Competence. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press .
29.
Hymes, D. (1974) Foundations in Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania .
30.
Izquierdo, C. and Paugh, A. (2002) ‘Modeling, Negotiating, and Fixing: Discourses of Health among Working Families in Los Angeles’, Working Paper No. 9, UCLA Sloan Center on Everyday Lives of Families .
31.
Klein, W. (2002) ‘Participation in Household Work: Collaboration, Conflict, and Socialization in Working Family Interactions’, Working Paper No. 11, UCLA Sloan Center on Everyday Lives of Families .
32.
Kulick, D. (1992) Language Shift and Cultural Reproduction: Socialization, Self, and Syncretism in a Papua New Guinean Village. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
33.
Kulick, D. and Schieffelin, B. (2004) ‘Language Socialization’, in A. Duranti (ed.) A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology, pp. 349-368. Malden, MA: Blackwell .
34.
Labov, W. (1966) The Social Stratification of English in New York City. Arlington, VA: Center for Applied Linguistics .
35.
Labov, W. (1972) Language in the Inner City: Studies in the Black English Vernacular. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press .
36.
Labov, W. and Waletzky, J. (1967) ‘Narrative Analysis: Oral Versions of Experience’, in J. Helm (ed.) Essays on the Verbal and Visual Arts, pp. 286-338. Seattle: University of Washington Press .
37.
Lamorey, S. , Robinson, B. , Rowland, B. and Coleman, M. (eds) (1999) Latchkey Kids: Unlocking Doors for Children and Their Families. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage .
38.
Lave, J. and Wenger, E. (1991) Situated Learning: Legitimate Peripheral Participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
39.
Lerner, G.H. (1997) ‘On the “Semi-Permeable” Character of Grammatical Units in Conversation: Conditional Entry into the Turn Space of Another Speaker’, in E. Ochs , E. Schegloff and S. Thompson (eds) Interaction and Grammar, pp. 238-276. New York: Cambridge University Press .
40.
Mauthner, N. , Mclean, C. and McKee, L. (2000) ‘“My Dad Hangs Out of Helicopter Doors and Takes Pictures of Oil Platforms”: Children’s Accounts of Parental Work in the Oil and Gas Industry’ , Community, Work and Family3: 133-162 .
41.
McKee, L. , Mauthner, N. and Galilee, J. (2003) ‘Children’s Perspectives on Middle-Class Working-Family Arrangements’, in A.-M. Jensen and L. McKee (eds) Children and the Changing Family: Between Transformation and Negotiation, pp. 27-45. London: Routledge/Falmer .
42.
Miller, P. (1982) Amy, Wendy and Beth: Language Learning in South Baltimore. Austin: University of Texas Press .
43.
Moen, P. (ed.) (2003) It’s About Time: Couples and Careers. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press .
44.
Näsman, E. (2003) ‘Employed or Unemployed Parents: A Child Perspective’, in A.-M. Jensen and L. McKee (eds) Children and the Changing Family: Between Transformation and Negotiation, pp. 46-60. London: Routledge/Falmer .
45.
Ochs, E. (1986) ‘From Feelings to Grammar: A Samoan Case Study’, in B. Schieffelin and E. Ochs (eds) Language Socialization Across Cultures, pp. 251-272. New York: Cambridge University Press .
46.
Ochs, E. (1988) Culture and Language Development: Language Acquisition and Language Socialization in a Samoan Village. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
47.
Ochs, E. (1992) ‘Indexing Gender’, in C. Goodwin and A. Duranti (eds) Rethinking Context: Language as an Interactive Phenomenon, pp. 335-359. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
48.
Ochs, E. (1994) ‘Stories that Step into the Future’, in D. Biber and E. Finegan (eds) Sociolinguistic Perspectives on Register, pp. 106-135. New York: Oxford University Press .
49.
Ochs, E. (1996) ‘Linguistic Resources for Socializing Humanity’, in J. Gumperz and S. Levinson (eds) Rethinking Linguistic Relativity, pp. 407-437. New York: Cambridge University Press .
50.
Ochs, E. (2001) ‘Socialization’, in A. Duranti (ed.) Key Terms in Language and Culture, pp. 227-230. Malden, MA: Blackwell .
51.
Ochs, E. (2004) ‘Narrative Lessons’, in A. Duranti (ed.) A Companion to Linguistic Anthropology, pp. 269-289. Malden, MA: Blackwell .
52.
Ochs, E. and Capps, L. (1996) ‘Narrating the Self’ , Annual Review of Anthropology25: 19-43 .
53.
Ochs, E. and Capps, L. (2001) Living Narrative: Creating Lives in Everyday Storytelling. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press .
54.
Ochs, E. and Schieffelin, B. (1984) ‘Language Acquisition and Socialization: Three Developmental Stories and Their Implications’, in R. Shweder and R. LeVine (eds) Culture Theory: Essays on Mind, Self, and Emotion, pp. 276-320. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
55.
Ochs, E. and Schieffelin, B. (1989) ‘Language Has a Heart’ , Text9: 7-25 .
56.
Ochs, E. and Schieffelin, B. (1995) ‘The Impact of Language Socialization on Grammatical Development’, in P. Fletcher and B. MacWhinney (eds) The Handbook of Child Language, pp. 73-93. New York: Blackwell .
57.
Ochs, E. , Smith, R. and Taylor, C. (1989) ‘Detective Stories at Dinnertime: Problem-Solving Through Co-Narration’ , Cultural Dynamics2: 238-257 .
58.
Ochs, E. and Taylor, C. (1992) ‘Family Narrative as Political Activity’ , Discourse & Society3: 301-340 .
59.
Ochs, E. and Taylor, C. (1995) ‘The Father Knows Best Dynamic in Dinnertime Narratives’, in K. Hall and M. Bucholtz (eds) Gender Articulated, pp. 97-120. New York: Routledge .
60.
Ochs, E. , Taylor, C. , Rudolph, D. and Smith, R. (1992) ‘Storytelling as Theory-Building Activity’ , Discourse Processes15: 37-72 .
61.
Paugh, A. (2001) ‘Creole Day is Every Day Language Socialization, Shift, and Ideologies in Dominica, West Indies’, PhD dissertation, New York University.
62.
Paugh, A. (in press) ‘Acting Adult: Language Socialization, Shift, and Ideologies in Dominica, West Indies’ , Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Bilingualism. Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.
63.
Perry-Jenkins, M. , Repetti, R.L. and Crouter, A.C. (2000) ‘Work and Family in the 1990s’ , Journal of Marriage and the Family62: 981-998 .
64.
Platt, M. (1986) ‘Social Norms and Lexical Acquisition: A Study of Deictic Verbs in Samoan Child Language’, in B. Schieffelin and E. Ochs (eds) Language Socialization Across Cultures, pp. 127-152. New York: Cambridge University Press .
65.
Ricoeur, P. (1988) Time and Narrative. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press .
66.
Rogoff, B. (1990) Apprenticeship in Thinking: Cognitive Development in Social Context. New York: Oxford University Press .
67.
Schieffelin, B. (1986) ‘Teasing and Shaming in Kaluli Children’s Interactions’, in B. Schieffelin and E. Ochs (eds) Language Socialization Across Cultures, pp. 165-181. New York: Cambridge University Press .
68.
Schieffelin, B. (1990) The Give and Take of Everyday Life: Language Socialization of Kaluli Children. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press .
69.
Schieffelin, B. (1994) ‘Codeswitching and Language Socialization: Some Probable Relationships’, in J.F. Duchan , L. Hewitt and R. Sonnenmeier (eds) Pragmatics: From Theory to Practice, pp. 20-42. New York: Prentice Hall .
70.
Schieffelin, B. and Ochs, E. (1986a) ‘Language Socialization’ , Annual Review of Anthropology15: 163-191 .
71.
Schieffelin, B. and Ochs, E. (eds) (1986b) Language Socialization Across Cultures. New York: Cambridge University Press .
72.
Schieffelin, B. and Ochs, E. (1996) ‘The Microgenesis of Competence: Methodology in Language Socialization’, in D. Slobin , J. Gerhardt , A. Kyratzis and J. Guo (eds) Social Interaction, Social Context, and Language: Essays in Honor of Susan Ervin-Tripp, pp. 251-263. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum .
73.
Schutz, A. (1967) The Phenomenology of the Social World. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press .
74.
Sirota, K.G. (2002) ‘Doing Things with Play: The Play of Everyday Life’, Working Paper No. 16, UCLA Sloan Center on Everyday Lives of Families .
75.
Taylor, C. (1995) ‘Child as Apprentice-Narrator: Socializing Voice, Face, Identity, and Self-Esteem amid the Narrative Politics of Family Dinner’, PhD dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.
76.
Thorne, B. (1987) ‘Re-visioning Women and Social Change: Where are the Children?’ , Gender and Society1: 85-109 .
77.
Thorne, B. (2001) ‘Pick-up Time at Oakdale Elementary School: Work and Family from the Vantage Points of Children’, in R. Hertz and N. Marshall (eds) Working Families: The Transformation of the American Home, pp. 354-376. Berkeley: University of California Press .
78.
Vasquez, O. , Pease-Alvarez, L. and Shannon, S. (1994) Pushing Boundaries: Language and Culture in a Mexicano Community. New York: Cambridge University Press .
79.
Vygotsky, L.S. (1978) Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press .
80.
Watson-Gegeo, K. and Gegeo, D. (1986) ‘Calling-Out and Repeating Routines in Kwara’ae Children’s Language Socialization’, in B. Schieffelin and E. Ochs (eds) Language Socialization Across Cultures, pp. 17-50. New York: Cambridge University Press .
81.
Wingard, L. (2003) ‘Natural Data and Discourse Perspectives in Analyzing Interpersonal Influence in Family Communication’, Working Paper No. 10, UCLA Sloan Center on Everyday Lives of Families .
82.
Zentella, A.C. (1997) Growing Up Bilingual: Puerto Rican Children in New York City. Oxford: Blackwell .
