This article presents an introduction to the history of Indian psychiatry. It
suggests that this history can be divided into four main periods, 1795 to 1857,
1858 to 1914, 1914 to 1947 and 1947 to the present day. The focus of the piece
is on the periods 1858-1914 and 1914-1947, as it traces the main trends and
developments of the colonial era and argues that the foundations of modern
psychiatry in India were laid down in the period of British rule. A brief
consideration of the post-Independence period suggests that the patterns
established in the years of British rule have continued to influence the
psychiatric system of modern India. Research for these conclusions is based on
extensive archival work in Indian mental health institutions and in Indian
records offices, as well as work conducted at the National Library of Scotland in
Edinburgh and at the India Office Library, the Wellcome Institute Library and
the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
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