BartkyS. L. (1990). Femininity and domination: Studies in the phenomenology of oppression. New York, NY: Routledge.
2.
CikaraM.EberhardtJ. L.FiskeS. T. (2010). From agents to objects: Sexist attitudes and neural responses to sexualized targets. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23, 540–551. doi:10.1162/jocn.2010.2149710.1162/jocn.2010.21497
3.
FredricksonB. L.RobertsT.-A. (1997). Objectification theory: Toward understanding women’s lived experiences and mental health risks. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 173–206. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00108.x
4.
GervaisS. J.VescioT. K.AllenJ. (2011a). When what you see is what you get: The consequences of the objectifying gaze for women and men. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 35, 5–17. doi:10.1177/036168431038612110.1177/0361684310386121
5.
GervaisS. J.VescioT. K.AllenJ. (2011b). When are people interchangeable sexual objects? The effect of gender and body type on sexual fungibility. British Journal of Social Psychology. Advance online publication. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8309.2010.02016.x10.1111/j.2044-8309.2010.02016.x
6.
GervaisS. J.VescioT. K.MaassA.FörsterJ.SuitnerC. (2012). When her whole = the sum of her parts: Seeing women as sexual objects. Manuscript submitted for publication.
7.
HeflickN. A.GoldenbergJ. L. (2009). Objectifying Sarah Palin: Evidence that objectification causes women to be perceived as less competent and less fully human. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 598–601. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.02.00810.1016/j.jesp.2009.02.008
8.
HeflickN. A.GoldenbergJ. L.CooperD. P.PuviaE. (2011). From women to objects: Appearance focus, target gender, and perceptions of warmth, morality and competence. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 572–581. doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2010.12.02010.1016/j.jesp.2010.12.020
9.
LoughnanS.HaslamN. (2007). Animals and androids: Implicit associations between social categories and nonhumans. Psychological Science, 18, 116–121. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01858.x10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01858.x
10.
LoughnanS.HaslamN.MurnaneT.VaesJ.ReynoldsC.SuitnerC. (2010). Objectification leads to depersonalization: The denial of mind and moral concern to objectified others. European Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 709–717. doi:10.1002/ejsp.75510.1002/ejsp.755
11.
MaurerD.Le GrandR.MondlochC. J. (2002). The many faces of configural processing. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 255–260. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01903-410.1016/S1364-6613(02)01903-4
12.
MoradiB.HuangY.-P. (2008). Objectification theory and psychology of women: A decade of advances and future directions. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 32, 377–398. doi:10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.00452.x10.1111/j.1471-6402.2008.00452.x
ReedC. L.StoneV. E.GrubbJ. D.McGoldrickJ. E. (2006). Turning configural processing upside down: Part and whole body postures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 73–87. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.32.1.7310.1037/0096-1523.32.1.73
15.
SaguyT.QuinnD. M.DovidioJ. F.PrattoF. (2010). Interacting like a body: Objectification can lead women to narrow their presence in social interactions. Psychological Science, 21, 178–182. doi:10.1177/095679760935775110.1177/0956797609357751
16.
VaesJ.PaladinoM. P.PuviaE. (2011). Are sexualized females complete human beings? Why males and females dehumanize sexually objectified women. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41, 774–785. doi:10.1002/ejsp.82410.1002/ejsp.824
17.
YinR. K. (1969). Looking at upside-down faces. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 81, 141–145. doi:10.1037/h002747410.1037/h0027474
Supplementary Material
Please find the following supplemental material available below.
For Open Access articles published under a Creative Commons License, all supplemental material carries the same license as the article it is associated with.
For non-Open Access articles published, all supplemental material carries a non-exclusive license, and permission requests for re-use of supplemental material or any part of supplemental material shall be sent directly to the copyright owner as specified in the copyright notice associated with the article.
